Gender Earnings Gaps in the World

This paper documents gender disparities in labor earnings for sixty-four countries around the world. Disparities are partially attributed to gender differences in observable socio-demographic and job characteristics. These characteristics are used to match males and females such that gender earnings disparities are computed only among individuals with the same characteristics, as in Ñopo (2008). After comparing males and females with the same characteristics we found that the earnings gap falls within a range between 8% and 48% of average females' earnings, being more pronounced in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The unexplained earnings gaps are more pronounced among part-time workers and those with low education.gender, wage gaps, matching

Regional Integration and political and party organizations. The political parties of Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay in the MERCOSUL

El presente artículo aborda los posibles impactos del MERCOSUR al interior de las organizaciones partidarias. Considerando el contexto en que nació y se desarrolló el proceso de integración el objetivo fue indagar en torno a si el MERCOSUR había motorizando respuestas organizacionales adaptativas por parte de los partidos políticos. Se consideraron siete partidos pertenecientes a tres países: el Partido Justicialista (PJ) y la Unión Cívica Radical (UCR), por Argentina; el Frente Amplio (FA), el Partido Nacional (PN) y el Partido Colorado (PC), por Uruguay; y la Asociación Nacional Republicana (ANR) y el Partido Liberal Radical Auténtico (PLRA), por Paraguay. El análisis abarcó el período 1991-2006 y se basó en fuentes documentales y en entrevistas. Con diferencias basadas en las pertenencias nacionales, se concluye que en general las organizaciones se han mantenido al margen del MERCOSUR y sólo marginalmente han incorporado respuestas organizacionales vinculadas con la integraciónThis article analyzes the possible impacts of the MERCOSUL in the core of the partisan organizations. Keeping in mind the context in which the integration process took place and was developed, the aim was to investigate whether the MERCOSUL has aroused adaptive organizational answers on behalf of the political parties. Seven political parties from three countries were taken as reference: Partido Justicialista (PJ) and Unión Cívica Radical (UCR), on behalf of Argentina; Frente Amplio (FA), Partido Nacional (PN) and Partido Colorado (PC), on behalf of Uruguay; and Asociación Nacional Republicana (ANR) and Partido Liberal Radical Auténtico (PLRA), on behalf of Paraguay. The analysis covered the 1991-2006 period and was based in surveys and documented sources. With differences based in national features, the conclusion has been reached that, in general, the organizations have restrained themselves from the MERCOSUL and only partially they have incorporated organizational answers related with the integration.Fil: Ramos, Hugo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias. Centro de Estudios Sociales Interdiciplinarios del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe; Argentin

La dimensión parlamentaria de la integración regional: dificultades para la participación de los Poderes Legislativos en el MERCOSUR (1991-2006)

En el presente trabajo analizamos los problemas a los que se enfrentan los Poderes Legislativos Nacionales a la hora de maximizar su influencia en los procesos de toma de decisiones a nivel regional para incidir así sobre la dirección y la marcha del proceso de integración. Abordando el caso del MERCOSUR, nos centramos en tres aspectos: lo que denominamos insuficiencias estructurales, derivadas en parte del rol subordinado asignado a los Poderes Legislativos por los Tratados fundantes del proceso de integración; las asimetrías relativas de poder y de capacidades entre Poderes Legislativos y Poderes Ejecutivos y, por último, los problemas derivados de la manera en que los Poderes Legislativos han enfrentado las limitaciones señaladas de manera de optimizar su participación.This work analyzes the problems faced by the National Legislative Powers when it comes to maximizing and/or empowering its influence on the decision making processes at a regional level to influence on the integration process management. We focus on three aspects we consider fundamental: what we call "structural insufficiency", derived partly from the subordinated role assigned to the Legislative Powers by the main Treaties of the integration process; the relative asymmetries of power and capabilities among Legislative Powers and Executive Powers and, finally, the problems stemming from the way the Legislative Powers have faced the stated limitations so as to optimize its participation in the integration.Fil: Ramos, Hugo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias. Centro de Estudios Sociales Interdiciplinarios del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin

Integración regional y organizaciones político-partidarias. Los partidos políticos de Argentina, Paraguay y Uruguay frente al MERCOSUR

This article analyzes the possible impacts of the MERCOSUL in the core of the partisanorganizations. Keeping in mind the context in which the integration process took place and wasdeveloped, the aim was to investigate whether the MERCOSUL has aroused adaptiveorganizational answers on behalf of the political parties. Seven political parties from threecountries were taken as reference: Partido Justicialista (PJ) and Unión Cívica Radical (UCR), onbehalf of Argentina; Frente Amplio (FA), Partido Nacional (PN) and Partido Colorado (PC), onbehalf of Uruguay; and Asociación Nacional Republicana (ANR) and Partido Liberal RadicalAuténtico (PLRA), on behalf of Paraguay. The analysis covered the 1991-2006 period and wasbased in surveys and documented sources. With differences based in national features, theconclusion has been reached that, in general, the organizations have restrained themselves from theMERCOSUL and only partially they have incorporated organizational answers related with theintegration

Suso de Toro e Manuel Rivas: dous discursos literarios

Este estudio é unha aproximación aos discursos narrativos de Soso de Toro e de Manuel Rivas que, desde diferentes perspectivas, renovaron a literatura galega para facela participe do universalidade da Arte.Este estudio es una aproximación a los discursos narrativos de Suso de Toro y de Manuel Rivas que desde diferentes perspectivas, renovaran la literatura gallega para hacerla partícipe de la universalidad del arte

Investigating the mechanisms of α-particle therapy in prostate cancer

The use of α-particle radionuclide emitters in the treatment of bone metastasis has been an active area of research within targeted radionuclide therapies. From a radiobiological perspective, α-particles are known to be more effective at killing cells in comparison to low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation particles, such as X-rays, with increased relative biological effectiveness of around a factor of 3 in most models. α-particle irradiated cells also show a reduced dependency on radioresistance mechanisms observed in the absence of oxygen, with an oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) close to 1.0. Such advantageous radiobiological properties of α-particles demonstrate their potential for radiotherapy treatments. In recent years, the bone targeting high LET radionuclide Radium-223 (223Ra) has been shown to not only have a palliative effect but also a survival prolonging effect in castration resistant prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. This has encouraged the use of 233Ra in more extensive clinical trials. Despite the clinical utility of 233Ra, little is known regarding the radionuclide’s mechanisms of action in this treatment setting, where accurate assessments of the dosimetry underpinning its effectiveness are lacking. There is a pressing need to model and quantify α-emitter effects in pre-clinical models so the next generation of trials utilising 223Ra can be optimally designed. The research work presented in this thesis focused on studying the dosimetry involved in α-particle irradiation systems for in vitro and clinical settings, using computational simulation methods. We have also studied the α-particle irradiation effects on cell survival, DNA damage and tumour control, focusing specifically on 223Ra treatment scenarios

Gender earnings gaps in the world

This paper documents gender disparities in labor earnings for sixty-four countries around the world. Disparities are partially attributed to gender differences in observable socio-demographic and job characteristics. These characteristics are used to match males and females such that gender earnings disparities are computed only among individuals with the same characteristics, as in Ñopo (2008). After comparing males and females with the same characteristics we found that the earnings gap falls within a range between 8% and 48% of average females' earnings, being more pronounced in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The unexplained earnings gaps are more pronounced among part-time workers and those with low education

Continuous and localized Riesz bases for spaces defined by Muckenhoupt weights

Let w be an A∞-Muckenhoupt weight in R. Let L2(wdx) denote the space of square integrable real functions with the measure w(x)dx and the weighted scalar product f, g w = R f g wdx. By regularization of an unbalanced Haar system in L2(wdx) we construct absolutely continuous Riesz bases with supports as close to the dyadic intervals as desired. Also the Riesz bounds can be chosen as close to 1 as desired. The main tool used in the proof is Cotlar’s Lemma.Fil: Aimar, Hugo Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada ; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Wilfredo Ariel. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Cs.exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Departamento de Matematica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada ; Argentin

Los Orígenes de Propuesta Republicana (PRO) en Santa Fe (2009-2015): actores y redes políticas

There are several studies about the emergence of the PRO in the City of Buenos Aires (CABA) and its subsequent electoral growth until it achieved victory in the 2015 presidential elections (Bellotti, Morressi and Vommaro, 2014; Vommaro and Morressi, 2015). However, fewer studies account for how the party was formed in the different provinces of Argentina before its national victory. In this paper we investigate the origins and expansion of the PRO in Santa Fe, a district where the party was very close to winning the Governor elections twice (2011 and 2015). From a perspective based on political sociology, we give an account of the actors that intervened in its formation and analyse whether its origins and provenance are similar to those observed in the case of the City of Buenos Aires. The work uses a qualitative methodology and is based on the analysis of journalistic news obtained from the main graphic media of the Province: mainly the newspapers El Litoral (Santa Fe), La Capital (Rosario) and La Política On-Line. The period 2009-2015 is studied, identified as a key juncture for the emergence and consolidation of the PRO in Santa Fe.Diversos trabajos analizan la emergencia del PRO en Ciudad de Buenos Aires (CABA) y su posterior crecimiento electoral hasta lograr la victoria en las elecciones presidenciales del año 2015 (Bellotti, Morressi y Vommaro, 2014; Vommaro y Morressi, 2015). Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios que den cuenta de cómo se conformó el partido en las distintas provincias de Argentina antes de su victoria nacional. En este trabajo indagamos los orígenes y expansión del PRO en Santa Fe, distrito donde el partido estuvo muy cerca de ganar las elecciones a Gobernador en dos oportunidades (2011 y 2015). Desde una perspectiva anclada en la sociología política damos cuenta de los actores que intervinieron en su conformación y analizamos si sus orígenes y procedencia son similares a los observados para el caso de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. El trabajo utiliza una metodología cualitativa y se basa en el análisis de noticias periodísticas obtenidas de medios gráficos de la provincia, especialmente de los diarios El Litoral (Santa Fe), La Capital (Rosario) y La Política On-line. Se estudia el período 2009-2015, identificado como coyuntura clave para la emergencia y consolidación del PRO en Santa F