Manejo de la quema de pastizales de sabana inundable: una mirada del pueblo originario Saliva en Colombia

El conocimiento histórico que se tiene de las quemas por parte de los pueblos originarios contribuye a entender el papel que cumple el fuego en ecosistemas naturales tropicales y templados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el manejo y la importancia de la quema para el pueblo originario Sáliva en el ecosistema de sabana inundable de Colombia. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, cartografía social y calendarios anuales se obtuvieron las apreciaciones que tienen los Sáliva del fuego en pastizales nativos. La percepción generalizada de que las quemas son perjudiciales se ha insertado en su imaginario, pero se conserva el concepto del fuego como un factor determinante que afecta la sucesión vegetal y su uso mantiene el paisaje de sabana. Antes de ser aculturizados por los jesuitas en costumbres, religión y ganadería bovina, los Sáliva aplicaban fuego para facilitar la caza y los desplazamientos, pero su sometimiento al manejo del ganado cambió la concepción de su aplicación. Se concluyó que en la actualidad los Sáliva no aplican fuego indiscriminadamente, sino que hacen un manejo estratégico con fines agropecuarios y de prevención de incendios y rescatan saberes tradicionales del conocimiento ecosistémico.The historical knowledge about the management of burnings by native peoples allows us to understand the role played by fire in natural tropical and temperate ecosystems. The objective of this work was to describe the management and importance of burning for the native Sáliva people in the flooded savanna ecosystem of Colombia. The assessment that the Sáliva have of fire in native grasslands was obtained through semi-structured interviews, social cartography and annual calendars. The generalized opinion that burnings are harmful is firmly established in their imaginary, but the concept of fire remains as a determining factor affecting plant succession and its use maintains the savanna landscape. Before being acculturized by the Jesuits in customs, religion and cattle rearing, the Sáliva applied fire to facilitate hunting and movement, but their subjection to cattle rearing changed the conception of its application. It is concluded that, at present, the Sáliva do not apply fire indiscriminately; instead, they manage it strategically for agricultural purposes and also rescue traditional knowledge of the ecosystem.Fil: Huertas Herrera, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Briggite Baptiste. Instituto de Investigación Alexander Von Humboldt; ColombiaFil: Toro Manríquez, Mónica del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Hugoberto Huertas Ramírez. Fundacion Horizonte Verde; Colombi

Assessing Socio-ecological Systems Using Social Media Data: An Approach for Forested Landscapes in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

The purpose of this study was to analyse how visitors valued a socio-ecological system through the use of social media data. We gathered YouTube´s videos of Ushuaia city and its surrounding forested landscapes (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) posted between 2010 and 2020. We used the screen time (seconds) of each video to compare the value of visitors on biophysical, cultural, and biodiversity attributes of the studied socio-ecological system. Each of the visitors registered differently the same attribute (e.g. mountains, forests, signposts, fauna, among others), therefore we assessed the time each visitor spend on any attribute, that was calculated considering the focus and scale through which it was observed. Based on our analyses, we found a diversity of attributes with different valuation data for each visitor. Attributes were classified as biophysical, cultural, and biodiversity variables, and the origin of the visitors (e.g. regions of the world) was also evaluated, with descriptive and multivariate analyses. Results indicated that visitors give more value to biophysical and cultural attributes compared to local biodiversity. These outputs highlight the need to explore and implement alternative methods to assess the socio-ecological values to achieve management objectives, and to include socio-ecological attributes in the study area as key indicators to create better tools and solutions for conservation issues. In this context, we provide a new insight into how visitors can appreciate different socio-ecological values.Fil: Huertas Herrera, Alejandro. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Toro Manríquez, Mónica. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Soler Esteban, Rosina Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzo, Cristian A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur. Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambientales y Recursos Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

Rehabilitation of Nothofagus pumilio forests in Chilean Patagonia: can fencing and planting season effectively protect against exotic European hare browsing?

In forests affected by heavy fires and continuous grazing of exotic herbivorous mammal species, Nothofagus pumilio (lenga) cannot recover naturally. The main factors that hinder the natural recovery of these forests and the feasibility of native tree plantations are the exotic herbivorous pressure, like that produced by Lepus europaeus (European hare), and the environment degradation degree by anthropic disturbances. The objective of this study was to evaluate different plantation efforts to recover N. pumilio forests degraded by fires in Chilean Patagonia. The plantation actions also included wire fences for sapling protection in 100 ha, where 60 ha were established during autumn (May 2012), and 40 ha were established during spring (October 2012). In March 2013 we recorded the height annual growth (cm year−1), the section browsed at each sapling, the modification of plant form (number of new branches), and the vigor expression. We evaluated the data using one- and two-way ANOVAs, Cohen's d effect size, and chi-square analyses. We measured a total of 872 plants, where 42% presented damages caused by European hare browsing. These results indicated that the wire fences were not completely useful to stop the damage on saplings (Cohen's d effect size= <0.2). We also found that autumn plantations were more susceptible to damage than those established during spring. European hares predominantly browsed on a particular sapling section: the apical buds. As a consequence, the browsed saplings had lower height growth than undamaged ones. These outputs highlight the need to explore and implement alternative actions for the rehabilitation of these degraded deciduous forests, to achieve the objectives of sustainable management or to recover the natural ecosystem functions.Fil: Huertas Herrera, Alejandro. Ulterarius Consultores Ambientales y Científicos Ltda; Chile. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Promis Baeza, Alvaro Andres. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Toro Manríquez, Mónica del Rosario. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. Ulterarius Consultores Ambientales y Científicos Ltda; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Río, Matias. Fundación Reforestemos Patagonia; Chil

Changes in vegetation of flooded savannas subject to cattle grazing and fire in plains of Colombia

Cattle grazing and fire are common types of management on natural ecosystems, generating several threats to the conservation of native vegetation (e.g., changes in species richness, cover, and abundance, mainly of bovine-palatable species). In this work, we analysed the response of the structure and composition of vegetation managed with different cattle stocking rates and fire in the savanna ecosystems of Colombia. The study was located in the eastern area of the Llanos region, where savannas were subjected to grazing and burning. Regarding grazing, we classified the area according to the cattle stocking rate (Bos indicus ~300 kg): NG = non-grazed, LS = low stocking rate (0.5 ind ha-1 yr-1), and HS = high stocking rate (1.0 ind ha-1 yr-1). Controlled artificial burning was applied in all the area at the beginning of the study, and surveys were conducted in the same plots at pre-burn (t0) and four post-burn times (t1, t2, t3, t4), at 15, 45, 75 and 105 days after burning. Vegetation composition (species list, life-form, palatability) and structure (bare soil and vascular plant ground covers, species height and richness) were recorded at each sampling. Data were compared through ANOVAs and multivariate analyses. We found 53 species in total: 26 in the pre-burn treatment and 44 in the post-burn treatments, detecting an increase of 18 species considering all treatments. Seven natives and two exotic species represented the dominant cover (>50%). LS and HS had the highest number of palatable species in t0 (seven species) compared with NG (two species), but this became similar after burning (14 species in NG, 12 in LS, and 11 in HS). ANOVAs and multivariate analyses showed that plant assemblages were significantly different according to the grazing treatment, and more homogeneous in pre-burn than in post-burn periods. Cattle grazing favored higher covers of dominant palatable species (e.g., Axonopus purpusii) compared with NG, but many native species with high palatability only recovered within the system after burning. In the context of the current management proposals, the search for new alternatives other than intensive cattle grazing and burning is needed to reconcile human production activities, international commitments against climate change and biodiversity conservation in the savanna landscapes.Fil: Huertas Herrera, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Baptiste Ballera, Brigitte L.G.. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt; ColombiaFil: Toro Manríquez, Mónica del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Huerta Ramírez, Hugoberto. Fundación Horizonte Verde; Colombi

Forest canopy-cover composition and landscape influence on bryophyte communities in Nothofagus forests of southern Patagonia

Bryophytes (liverworts, mosses and hornworts) are one of the most diverse plant groups worldwide but one of the least studied in temperate forests from an ecological perspective. In comparison to vascular plants, bryophytes have a broader distribution and a longer altitudinal gradient, and their influence on the landscape is poorly understood. The objective was to evaluate environmental drivers that can influence bryophyte cover, richness, diversity, and nestedness in different forest canopy compositions in two typical landscapes across the natural distribution of bryophytes in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Three natural Nothofagus forest types (pure deciduous, pure evergreen, and mixed deciduous-evergreen) in two landscapes (coasts 400 m.a.s.l.) were selected (N = 60 plots). In each plot, we established one transect (10 m length) to measure bryophyte cover (pointintercept method). Data were evaluated using generalized linear mixed models and multivariate analyses. The studied environmental drivers were mainly explained by the microclimate, with higher effective annual precipitation and relative air humidity in the coastal forests and higher soil moisture in the mountain forests. Greater liverwort richness was found in evergreen forests at the mountain (9 species) than at the coastal, while mosses showed higher richness in mixed deciduous-evergreen forests at the coastal (11 species) than at the mountain. However, the expected richness according to the rarefaction/extrapolation curves suggested that it is possible to record additional species, except for liverworts in pure deciduous forests on the coasts. Similarities and differences among the studied forest types and among plots of the same forest type and landscape were detected. These differences in the studied indexes (similarity that varied between 0 and 1) ranged from 0.09- 0.48 for liverworts and 0.05-0.65 for mosses. Moreover, these results indicated that pure evergreen and mixed deciduous-evergreen forests presented higher moss cover (10.7% and 10.0%, respectively), mainly in the mountains than on the coast. These outputs highlight the need to explore differences at greater altitudinal ranges to achieve sustainability objectives conservation planning for bryophytes in southernmost forests.Fil: Toro Manríquez, Mónica del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Ardiles, Víctor. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Santiago; ChileFil: Promis, Álvaro. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Huertas Herrera, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Soler Esteban, Rosina Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

Inferring population dynamic trends of Nothofagus pumilio and N. betuloides in coastal and mountain forests of Tierra del Fuego: contrasting from flowering to seedling survival through several reproductive cycles

Transition from fower to seedling encompasses major processes that defne the success of the tree regeneration, and consequently, its study is crucial in the context of forest management. Here, we analysed the transition probability of the reproductive cycle of two Nothofagus species, which formed pure and mixed forests in coastal and mountain geographic locations of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Pure deciduous N. pumilio (Np), pure evergreen N. betuloides (Nb), and mixed N. pumilio–N. betuloides (M) forests in coasts and mountains (3 forest types×2 geographic locations×20 replicas=120 replicas) were evaluated. Reproductive structures (female fowers, fruits, seeds, sound seeds, emerged seedlings and surviving seedlings up to 2 years) were studied since 2012–2018. Our results suggested that transition probabilities from fower to surviving seedlings varied inter-annually between N. pumilio and N. betuloides. The hazard ratio in the transition showed an infuence of the cohorts and the geographic location on N. pumilio, while forest type and geographic location infuenced on N. betuloides. Flower to fruits and seed to seedling were the most critical process in all forest types and locations. Cumulative transition probabilities (female fowers to 2-year-old seedlings) for N. pumilio were 0.3–46.2% in Np and 1.4–30.2% in M, and pure and mixed forests reached similar probabilities only in cohort 3. For N. betuloides, these were 2.8–24.4% in Nb and 0.0–6.5% in M. Both Nothofagus species showed a better performance of pure forests in mountains (15.9–46.2% Np; 3.8–24.8% Nb) than in coasts (0.3–16.1% Np; 2.8–5.3% Nb). Through this integrated approach, considering the full reproductive cycle, it is possible to quantify the infuence of canopy composition and inter-annual variability in natural forest dynamic, and allows to identify the critical stages of tree recruitment in pure and mixed Nothofagus forests.Fil: Toro Manríquez, Mónica del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. Ulterarius Consultores Ambientales y Científicos Ltda; ChileFil: Soler Esteban, Rosina Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Huertas Herrera, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Ulterarius Consultores Ambientales y Científicos Ltda; Chile. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Promis, Álvaro. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Blazina, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

Forage ofering and seasonal intake comparisons to evaluate European rabbit threat in Nothofagus forests of southern Patagonia

Background: The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L. 1758) was introduced into diferent regions of the world, generating signifcant trade-ofs that critically impacted native vegetation. Here, we evaluate the rabbit’s forage intakes in three vegetation types (forests, shrublands, and grasslands) along the four seasons in a temperate forest landscape in Southern Patagonia and discuss the potential threats over native vegetation. We formulated the following questions: (i) what is the forage ofer at each vegetation type? (ii) what is the rabbit’s forage intake and how it varied across the seasons along the year? and (iii) which vegetation types and plant life forms were more used according to the rabbit’s forage intakes? Methods: We censused understory vegetation to characterize the forage ofer at each vegetation type and determined seasonal dietary intakes using microhistological analysis of pellets. The plant species identifed in the feld were grouped according to life form classes (tree regeneration, shrubs, forbs, graminoids, orchids, ferns, bryophytes, and hemiparasites). Data were analysed through uni- and multivariate analyses, determining relationships between forage ofer and the rabbit’s forage intakes. Results: Forage intakes revealed changes in plant life form consumption across vegetation types, where intake pressure was considerably diferent for tree regeneration (p=0.001), graminoids (p=0.001), and hemiparasites (p=0.001). Besides, signifcant changes in consumption among seasons were detected for shrubs (p=0.001), ferns (p=0.030), and hemiparasites (p=0.002). Although many species play an important role in the rabbit’s forage intake networks (e.g., Chiliotrichum difusum, Holcus lanatus), the strongest intake linkages were found in exotic grasses (e.g., Poa pratensis and Festuca sp.), native hemiparasites (e.g., Misodendrum sp.), native shrubs (e.g., Empetrum rubrum), and native trees (e.g., Nothofagus sp.). The summer and autumn seasons presented higher intake compared to the winter and spring seasons. Furthermore, hemiparasites intake (e.g., Misodendrum sp.) suggests that rabbits utilize diferent forage sources depending on the vegetation types.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Huertas Herrera, Alejandro. Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia; ChileFil: Toro Manriquez, Monica. Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia; Chile. Ulterarius Consultores Ambientales y Científcos Limitada; ChileFil: Borrelli, Laura Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Area de Recursos Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Lencinas, Maria Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científcas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científcas. Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Pastur, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científcas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científcas. Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales; Argentin

Informing forest conservation planning with detailed human footprint data for Argentina

Conserving the remaining wildest forests is a top priority for conservation, and human footprint maps are a practical way to identify wild areas. However, available global assessments of wild areas are too coarse for land use decisions, especially in countries with high deforestation rates, such as Argentina. Our main goal was to map the human footprint in Argentina's forested areas to improve conservation planning at regional and country levels. Specifically, we quantified the level of human influence on the environment and mapped the wildest native forests (i) across forest regions, and (ii) in the different land-use categories of the National Forest Plan, which is a key policy instrument for conserving the nation's native forests through zoning, and (iii) identified wildest forests that are at risk due to human activities. We analyzed detailed spatial data on settlements, transportation, energy, and land use change, and estimated the areal extent to which these various human activities disrupt natural processes. We defined pixels with human footprint index of zero as wildest areas. We found that a substantial portion (43%) of Argentina's forested area remains wild, which suggests there are opportunities for conservation. However, levels of human influence varied substantially among forest regions, and Atlantic and Chaco forests have the highest levels of human influence. Further, we found that the National Forest Plan does not conserve the wildest forests of the nation, as most (78%) of the wildest native forests are located in zones that allow silvopasture, timber production, and/or forest conversion to crops, thus potentially threatening biodiversity in these areas. Our map of wildest forests is an important, but first, step in identifying wildland forests in Argentina, as available spatial data layers of human activities capture many, but not all, human influences on forests. For instance, small human features, like certain rural roads, trails, and rural settlements exist in our wildest areas. Our study provides new datasets to assist land use planners and conservationists, and identifies areas for conservation attention in Argentina. More broadly, our analyses highlight the value of detailed human footprint data to support conservation decisions in forest landscapes.Fil: Martinuzzi, Sebastián. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Radeloff, Volker. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Rosas, Yamina Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Lizarraga, Leónidas. Administración de Parques Nacionales; ArgentinaFil: Politi, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Rivera, Luis Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Huertas Herrera, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Silveira, Eduarda. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Olah, Ashley. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Pidgeon, Anna Michle. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unido

Knowledge arising from long-term research of variable retention harvesting in Tierra del Fuego: where do we go from here?

Nothofagus pumilio forests in Tierra del Fuego are the southernmost forests in the world, where extreme climate conditions represent a challenge to attain sustainable forest management. Retention forestry was proposed as an alternative to increase the species conservation in managed stands. Here, we synthetized results related to the implementation of a variable retention harvesting based on a combination of aggregate patches and dispersed retention during the last 18 years comparing with other silviculture proposals (e.g., shelterwood cuts) and control treatments (primary unmanaged forests). We summarized the results for (i) sawmill operations, (ii) timber yield, (iii) overstory stability, (iv) forest structure, (v) microclimate and natural cycles, (vi) natural regeneration dynamics (flowering, seeding, foraging, recruitment, growth, and mortality), and (vii) biodiversity (mammals, understory plants, mistletoes, birds, arthropods, mosses, lichens, and fungi). In general, aggregate patches maintained forest structure and micro-environmental variables, and slightly increased biodiversity and forest reproduction variables compared to unmanaged primary forests. On the contrary, dispersed retention decreased forest structure variables and greatly increased biodiversity (richness and abundance) when it was compared to unmanaged primary forests. Ecological conditions are influenced by variable retention harvesting, but direction and magnitude of the effect depend and differ according to retention types. Besides this, biodiversity taxa greatly differed among groups depending on retention types. In general, the species assemblages in aggregate patches were similar to those found in primary unmanaged forests, while they were significantly modified in the dispersed retention. This occurred due to (i) local extinction of some original species, (ii) the introduction of native species from the surrounding environments, or (iii) the invasion of exotic species. This silvicultural method has been a useful tool to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem functions, approaching to the balance between economy, ecology, and social requirements in the managed areas.EEA Santa CruzFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas. Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales; ArgentinaFil: Rosas, Yamina Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas. Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales; ArgentinaFil: Toro Manríquez, Mónica D.R. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas. Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales; ArgentinaFil: Huertas Herrera, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas. Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales; ArgentinaFil: Miller, Juan A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas. Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales; ArgentinaFil: Cellini, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas; ArgentinaFil: Barrera, Marcelo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas; ArgentinaFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas. Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales; Argentin

Theoretical proposal for the rehabilitation of Nothofagus pumilio forests degraded by fires based on cluster plantings with Embothrium coccineum

La rehabilitación de bosques templados con especies nativas requiere de ensayos y directrices que permitan alcanzar la recuperación de áreas degradadas del sur de Chile y contrarrestar el desequilibrio ambiental producto de los impactos recibidos. Este documento tiene como objetivo presentar una propuesta teórica de rehabilitación basada en plantaciones en núcleo para mejorar las potencialidades de recuperación de bosques de lenga (Nothofagus pumilio) degradados por incendios en la región de Aysén. La estrategia propone núcleos de lenga rodeados de notro (Embothrium coccineum), que actuaría como planta nodriza para acelerar el desarrollo de plántulas de lenga a través de mecanismos de facilitación, como el mejoramiento de las condiciones microclimáticas, y la protección de posibles daños por herbívoros de las plántulas dentro de cada núcleo. Esta propuesta podría ser utilizada en bosques degradados de lenga, tanto en Áreas Silvestres Protegidas como en bosques productivos, así como en paisajes fragmentados por incendios históricos.The rehabilitation of temperate forests with native species requires trial and guidelines to achieve recovery of degraded areas ofsouthern Chile and counteract the environmental imbalance caused by the impacts received. This study aims at presenting a theoreticalproposal of rehabilitation based on cluster plantings to improve the recovery of lenga (Nothofagus pumilio) forests degraded byhistorical fires in Aysén Region. A rehabilitation strategy based on cluster plantings is proposed, in which individuals of lenga areestablished together with notro (Embothrium coccineum), the latter as a nurse plant, to accelerate the development of lenga seedlingsthrough facilitation mechanisms, such as the improvement of microclimatic conditions, and protection from possible damage byseedling herbivores within each cluster. This proposal could be used in degraded lenga forests, both in Protected Wild Areas and inproductive forests, as well as in landscapes fragmented by historical fires.Fil: Huertas Herrera, Alejandro. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Promis Baeza, Alvaro Andres. Universidad de Chile.; ChileFil: Matías Rio. Universidad de Chile.; ChileFil: Toro Manríquez, Mónica del Rosario. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin