Buzz: Face-to-Face Contact and the Urban Economy

This paper argues that existing models of urban concentrations are incomplete unless grounded in the most fundamental aspect of proximity; face-to-face contact. Face-to-face contact has four main features; it is an efficient communication technology; it can help solve incentive problems; it can facilitate socialization and learning; and it provides psychological motivation. We discuss each of these features in turn, and develop formal economic models of two of them. Face-to-face is particularly important in environments where information is imperfect, rapidly changing, and not easily codified, key features of many creative activities.Agglomeration, clustering, urban economics, face-to-face

Intérêt de la chromatographie liquide d'interactions hydrophiles pour l'analyse de composés polaires dans des matrices complexes

Peer reviewe

Development of a SNP resource and a genetic linkage map for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Atlantic cod (<it>Gadus morhua</it>) is a species with increasing economic significance for the aquaculture industry. The genetic improvement of cod will play a critical role in achieving successful large-scale aquaculture. While many microsatellite markers have been developed in cod, the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is currently limited. Here we report the identification of SNPs from sequence data generated by a large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST) program, focusing on fish originating from Canadian waters.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 97976 ESTs were assembled to generate 13448 contigs. We detected 4753 SNPs that met our selection criteria (depth of coverage ≥ 4 reads; minor allele frequency > 25%). 3072 SNPs were selected for testing. The percentage of successful assays was 75%, with 2291 SNPs amplifying correctly. Of these, 607 (26%) SNPs were monomorphic for all populations tested. In total, 64 (4%) of SNPs are likely to represent duplicated genes or highly similar members of gene families, rather than alternative alleles of the same gene, since they showed a high frequency of heterozygosity. The remaining polymorphic SNPs (1620) were categorised as validated SNPs. The mean minor allele frequency of the validated loci was 0.258 (± 0.141). Of the 1514 contigs from which validated SNPs were selected, 31% have a significant blast hit. For the SNPs predicted to occur in coding regions (141), we determined that 36% (51) are non-synonymous. Many loci (1033 SNPs; 64%) are polymorphic in all populations tested. However a small number of SNPs (184) that are polymorphic in the Western Atlantic were monomorphic in fish tested from three European populations. A preliminary linkage map has been constructed with 23 major linkage groups and 924 mapped SNPs.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These SNPs represent powerful tools to accelerate the genetic improvement of cod aquaculture. They have been used to build a genetic linkage map that can be applied to quantitative trait locus (QTL) discovery. Since these SNPs were generated from ESTs, they are linked to specific genes. Genes that map within QTL intervals can be prioritized for testing to determine whether they contribute to observed phenotypes.</p

Piezomagnetic behavior : experimental approach and multiscale modeling

International audienceThis work deals with the study of magnetoelastic coupling in the framework of non-destructive testing. Experimental hysteretic and cyclic piezomagnetic measurements carried out on a dual-phase steel submitted to different magnetic field and stress conditions are reported. The effect of concomitant magnetic field and stress, considering static or variable amplitudes, is discussed. A new multiscale modeling of piezomagnetic hysteresis is finally proposed

Influence of Biaxial Stress on Magnetic Behavior of Dual-Phase Steel - Experiments and Modeling

International audienceOnline magnetic NDE of DP steels is made on bands submitted to high multiaxial stress. Extraction of microstructural information from the measurement requires separating the effect of stress and microstructure. Coupled magneto-mechanical mi-cromagnetic modeling is relevant for that purpose. In this paper, magnetic behavior of DP steel under biaxial stress is carried out and compared to the modeling. It is shown that the discrepancies observed between experiments and model can be explained by the 2D assumption

RETRATO SIN IDENTIFICAR [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201

Le religieux dans la sociologie allemande

[video:assr-167-dossier-posterites-allemandes-par-anne-sophie-lamine] Pourquoi consacrer un dossier à la sociologie de la religion en Allemagne dans une revue francophone de sciences sociales des religions ? Exercice difficile, qui sera forcément très imparfait par ses choix et ses oublis. Il nous a cependant semblé nécessaire et utile de le tenter, en partant de ces deux constats : l’héritage encore aujourd’hui très différencié des auteurs classiques (anciens ou modernes) et la méconnaissanc..