Cross-protective HCoV immunity reduces symptom development during SARS-CoV-2 infection

Knowledge of the interplay between human coronavirus (HCoV) immunity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is critical to understanding the coexistence of current endemic coronaviruses and to building knowledge potential future zoonotic coronavirus transmissions. This study, which retrospectively analyzed a large cohort of individuals first exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Switzerland in 2020–2021, revealed several key findings. Pre-existing HCoV immunity, particularly mucosal antibody responses, played a significant role in improving SARS-CoV-2 immune response upon infection and reducing symptoms development. Mucosal neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2, although low in magnitude, retained activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants underlining the importance of maintaining local mucosal immunity to SARS-CoV-2. While the cross-protective effect of HCoV immunity was not sufficient to block infection by SARS-CoV-2, the present study revealed a remarkable impact on limiting symptomatic disease. These findings support the feasibility of generating pan-protective coronavirus vaccines by inducing potent mucosal immune responses

Chiral silicon groups as auxiliaries for enantioselective synthesis: access to optically active silanes by biotransformation and the enantiospecific preparation of (R)-(+)-1-phenylethanol

The synthesis of the optically active alkoxymethyl-substituted acetylsilanes (+)-3 and (−)-b was achieved by the bioreduction of (±)-3 with resting cells of Trigonopsis variabilis to the diastereoisomeric alcohols (+)-4 and (+)-5. These two compounds were separated by chromatography and separately reoxidized to the desired optically active silyl ketones. As a simple example of the use of chiral alkoxymethyl-substituted silyl groups as auxiliaries for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched silicon-free compounds, the chelate controlled 1,2-addition of phenyl lithium to (−)-3 and the stereospecific conversion of the corresponding major addition product to (R)-(+)-1-phenylethanol (+)-10 is presented. Silane (±)-3 was reduced by Trigonopsis variabilis (DSM 70714) to (+)-4 and (+)-5, which were separated and oxidized to (R)-(−)-3 and (S)-(+)-3. (R)-(−)-3 was finally converted to (R-(+)-1-phenylethanol [(R)-(+)-12]

Neighboring-Group participation in the gas phase. Loss of benzaldehyde from [(benzyloxy)methyl]dialkylsilyl-substituted 1,3-dithianes

[(Benzyloxy)methyl]dialkylsilyl-substituted 1,3-dithianes show in CI-MS an abundant loss of benzaldehyde from the [M + H]+ quasi-molecular ion. The fragmentation is explained with an intramolecular redox process, where a hydride is proposed to be transferred from the benzyl position to a neighboring thionium ion. This would form a particle that could readily lose benzaldehyde as a neutral fragment. The CI-MS results provide an explanation for the unusual instability of (benzyloxy)methyl-substituted silanes towards acids. In fact, the formation of benzaldehyde was established in the decomposition of a (benzyloxy)methyl-substituted acylsilane in the presence of Lewis or Brønsted acids and ethanethiol. The CI-MS study, therefore, represents a useful method to recognize unusual reactions that are – or might be – important in solution

Novità in agricoltura biologica

Panoramica delle principali modifiche delle ordinanze bio e dei marchi bio con spiegazioni. Il riassunto (senza spiegazioni) è inserito in forma stampata al centro di Bioattualità 10/2018

Das gilt neu im Biolandbau 2019

Die Publikation enthält die Änderungen mit Erläuterungen der Anforderungen ab 1. Januar 2019 für Schweizer Biobetriebe. Hinweis: Die vierseitige Kurzversion (ohne Erläuterungen) befindet sich in gedruckter Form in der Heftmitte von Bioaktuell 10|2018

Agriculture Biologique: Les Nouvelles Règles pour 2019

Tous les changements des directives bio entrent en vigueur dès le 1er janvier 2019. La version courte (sans les explications) se trouve sous forme imprimée au milieu du Bioactualités 10/2018

Novità in agricoltura biologica

Panoramica delle principali modifiche delle ordinanze bio e dei marchi bio con spiegazioni

Agriculture Biologique: Les Nouvelles Règles pour 2021

Tous les changements des directives bio entrent en vigueur dès le 1er janvier 2021. La version courte (sans les explications) se trouve sous forme imprimée au milieu du Bioactualités 10/2020