Opportunistic Sampling at a Deep-water Synthetic Drilling Fluid Discharge Site in the Gulf of Mexico

Two opportunistic benthic surveys were conducted at an offshore semisubmersible oil drilling rig located in 565 m of water on the continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico to determine the extent of synthetic-based drilling fluid (Petrofree LE) concentrations in surrounding sediments and the composition of the associated macrofauna and megafauna communities. Sediment concentrations of Petrofree LE ranged from 89 to 198,320 μg/g in surficial sediments (0-2 cm) and from 4 to 85,821 mg/g in the 2-5 cm stratum. The highest Petrofree LE concentrations were located 50-75 m northeast of the discharge site, a phenomenon that may have been related to surface and midwater currents in the vicinity of the rig. Although no direct quantitative measures of in situ degradation are available, high concentrations of Petrofree LE relative to discharge periodicity suggest lower than anticipated rates at this deep-water site. Between July 1997 and March 1998, the densities of polychaetes and gastropods increased sharply in the study area. In March, polychaete (primarily dorvilleids) density, gastropod density, and Petrofree concentrations were all significantly higher northeast of the drill site compared with southwest. Polychaete and gastropod densities northeast of the drill site were roughly 3,600 and 3,000 times higher than those reported in eastern and western areas of the northern Gulf of Mexico at similar depths, respectively

Bathymetric zonation of deep-sea macrofauna in relation to export of surface phytoplankton production

Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 399 (2010): 1-14, doi:10.3354/meps08388.Macrobenthos of the deep, northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) was sampled with box cores (0.2 m2) along multiple cross-depth transects extending from depths of 200 m to the maximum depth of the basin at 3700 m. Bathymetric (depth) zonation of the macrofaunal community was documented for 6 major taxa (a total of 957 species) on the basis of shared species among geographic locations; 4 major depth zones were identified, with the 2 intermediate-depth zones being divided into east and west subzones. Change of faunal composition with depth reflects an underlying continuum of species replacements without distinct boundaries. The zonal patterns correlated with depth and detrital particulate organic carbon (POC) export flux estimated from remotely-sensed phytoplankton pigment concentrations in the surface water. The Mississippi River and its associated mesoscale eddies, submarine canyon, and deep sediment fan appear to influence the horizontal zonation pattern through export of organic carbon from the ocean surface and the adjacent continental margin. On the local scale, near-bottom currents may shape the zonation pattern by altering sediment grain size, food availability, and larval dispersal. This study suggests a macroecological relationship between depth, export POC flux, and zonation; parsimonious zonal thresholds need to be tested independently for other continental margin ecosystems.This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Interior, Minerals Management Service, Contract No. 1435-01-99-CT-30991