Mitigation measures of the electric field in the medium-voltage power module:Effect of voltage types and recommendations for designers

Abstract In the medium‐voltage silicon carbide device power module, the higher voltage level will induce higher electric field stress in critical internal points such as the edge of the conductor on the direct bonded copper (DBC) substrate. This can lead to partial discharge and subsequently accelerated ageing of the insulating medium in the module. Therefore, it is important to reduce the high electric field strength. Herein, the related technical methods of electric field control are reviewed and compared by combining the ease of implementation in real power module and the field control effect. In addition, systematic explanations of the electric field drift and influencing factors of the electric field strength under different voltage types within different module structures are presented. Finally, for half‐bridge power modules with different substrates structures, suggestions on how to implement non‐linear field‐dependent materials to reduce the electric field strength are given

Comparative Transcriptional Profiling of Two Contrasting Barley Genotypes under Salinity Stress during the Seedling Stage

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect crop productivity. Identification of the potential novel genes responsible for salt tolerance in barley will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of barley responses to salt stress. We compared changes in transcriptome between Hua 11 (a salt-tolerant genotype) and Hua 30 (a salt sensitive genotype) in response to salt stress at the seedling stage using barley cDNA microarrays. In total, 557 and 247 salt-responsive genes were expressed exclusively in the shoot and root tissue of the salt-tolerant genotype, respectively. Among these genes, a number of signal-related genes, transcription factors and compatible solutes were identified and some of these genes were carefully discussed. Notably, a LysM RLK was firstly found involved in salt stress response. Moreover, key enzymes in the pathways of jasmonic acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism and indole-3-acetic acid homeostasis were specifically affected by salt stress in salt tolerance genotype. These salt-responsive genes and biochemical pathways identified in this study could provide further information for understanding the mechanisms of salt tolerance in barley