Flower image classification based on an improved lightweight neural network with multi-scale feature fusion and attention mechanism

In order to solve the problem that deep learning-based flower image classification methods lose more feature information in the early feature extraction process, and the model takes up more storage space, a new lightweight neural network model based on multi-scale feature fusion and attention mechanism is proposed in this paper. First, the AlexNet model is chosen as the basic framework. Second, a multi-scale feature fusion module (MFFM) is used to replace the shallow single-scale convolution. MFFM, which contains three depthwise separable convolution branches with different sizes, can fuse features with different scales and reduce the feature loss caused by single-scale convolution. Third, two layers of improved Inception module are first added to enhance the extraction of deep features, and a layer of hybrid attention module is added to strengthen the focus of the model on key information at a later stage. Finally, the flower image classification is completed using a combination of global average pooling and fully connected layers. The experimental results demonstrate that our lightweight model has fewer parameters, takes up less storage space and has higher classification accuracy than the baseline model, which helps to achieve more accurate flower image recognition on mobile devices

Management of Abnormal Visual Developments

When human beings recognize the external world, more than 80% of the information come from visual function and visual system. Normal visual development and normal binocularity are the fundamental of good visual acuity and visual functions. Any abnormal visual experience would cause abnormality, such as refractive error, strabismus, amblyopia and other diseases. The patients with abnormal visual developments were reported to have abnormal, lonely, and other psycho problems. In this chapter, we will describe the normal developmental of visual function, summarize the abnormal developments and the correction or treatment

Severe graft‐versus‐host disease post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation due to loss of HLA heterozygosity in recipient lymphocytes after full graft rejection

Abstract Germ cell tumors complicated by hematological malignancy (HM) are a rare clinical phenomenon. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is a potentially effective therapy, but graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is a life‐threatening complication. We report a case of a 13‐year‐old female patient diagnosed with germ cell tumors followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After chemotherapy, she received allo‐HSCT and her chimerism rate decreased rapidly to near zero by 6 months without evidence of HM recurrence. However, she developed severe, multiorgan GVHD‐like manifestations. DNA analysis revealed the pathogenesis of GVHD to be loss of HLA heterozygosity in recipient hematopoietic cells

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of RNA/DNA Differences Associated with Drought Response in Wheat

RNA/DNA difference (RDD) is a post-transcriptional RNA modification to enrich genetic information, widely involved in regulating diverse biological processes in eukaryotes. RDDs in the wheat nuclear genome, especially those associated with drought response or tolerance, were not well studied up to now. In this study, we investigated the RDDs related to drought response based on the RNA-seq data of drought-stressed and control samples in wheat. In total, 21,782 unique RDDs were identified, of which 265 were found to be drought-induced, representing the first drought-responsive RDD landscape in the wheat nuclear genome. The drought-responsive RDDs were located in 69 genes, of which 35 were differentially expressed under drought stress. Furthermore, the effects of RNA/DNA differences were investigated, showing that they could result in changes of RNA secondary structure, miRNA-target binding as well as protein conserved domains in the RDD-containing genes. In particular, the A to C mutation in TraesCS2A02G053100 (orthology to OsRLCK) led to the loss of tae-miR9657b-5p targeting, indicating that RNA/DNA difference might mediate miRNA to regulate the drought-response process. This study reported the first drought-responsive RDDs in the wheat nuclear genome. It sheds light on the roles of RDD in drought tolerance, and may also contribute to wheat genetic improvement based on epi-transcriptome methods

Effect of CPPU on Carbohydrate and Endogenous Hormone Levels in Young Macadamia Fruit.

N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU) is a highly active cytokinin-like plant growth regulator that promotes chlorophyll biosynthesis, cell division, and cell expansion. It also increases fruit set and accelerates fruit enlargement. However, there has been no report about the effect of CPPU on fruit development and its physiological mechanism in macadamia. In this study, we investigated the effect of CPPU treatment at early fruit development via foliar spray or raceme soaking at 20 mg·L-1 on fruit set and related physiology in macadamia. Changes in carbohydrate contents and endogenous hormones in leaves, bearing shoots and fruit were also examined. Results showed that CPPU significantly reduced young fruit drop and delayed the wave of fruit drop by 1-2 weeks. The treatment significantly decreased the contents of total soluble sugars and starch in the leaves, but increased them in the bearing shoots and total soluble sugars in the husk (pericarp) and seeds. These findings suggested that CPPU promoted carbohydrate mobilization from the leaves to the fruit. In addition, CPPU increased the contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin acid (GA3), and zeatin riboside (ZR) and decreased the abscisic acid (ABA) in the husk. Therefore, CPPU treatment reduced the early fruit drop by increasing carbohydrate availability and by modifying the balance among endogenous hormones

Effect of CPPU treatments, foliar spraying (A, B and C), and CPPU fruit raceme soaking (D, E, and F) on early fruit drop in macadamia.

<p>Different letters indicate significant difference between the treatment and the control based on <i>t</i>-test (<i>p</i><0.05).</p

Changes in the ratio (IAA+GA₃+ZR)/ABA in the husk (A) and seed (B) after CPPU treatment.

<p>Changes in the ratio (IAA+GA₃+ZR)/ABA in the husk (A) and seed (B) after CPPU treatment.</p