5,849 research outputs found
A risk stratification model for antihypertensive medication non-adherence among Chinese immigrants
The purpose of this study was to establish a risk stratification model for identifying Chinese immigrants at risk for non-adherence to antihypertensive medications. Questionnaires were self-administered to 200 Chinese immigrants in San Francisco, USA. Questionnaires included demographics, culture factors (e.g., Perceived Susceptibility in General, Perceived Benefits of Western Medication, Perceived Benefits of Chinese Herbs, and Health-Related Social Support), and medications adherence. Participants\u27 mean age was 70.6 (±10.3) years. Three stratification factors were identified for non-adherence: Lower Perceived Susceptibility in General, lower Perceived Benefit of Western Medications, and longer Length of Stay in the United States. The probability of non-adherence was 77%, 62%, and 57% for lower perceived susceptibility, longer stay in the United States, and lower perceived benefits of Western medications, respectively. A combination of lower perceived susceptibility and lower perceived benefits of medication predicted 81% non-adherence and lower perceived susceptibility with longer stay in the United States predicted at 84%. All three factors combined predicted nearly 90%. Patients with all three factors had the highest risk for non-adherence. The second priority groups are patients with lower perceived susceptibility and those with lower perceived susceptibility combined with any of the other two factors. In the clinical setting, these three groups are a high priority for education on the importance of medication adherence
4-Tosyl-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-dien-8-one
In the molecule of the title compound, C15H15NO4S, the two six-membered rings are almost parallel to each other [dihedral angle = 1.87 (9)°] and perpendicular to the mean plane through the five-membered ring [dihedral angles of 89.98 (10) and 89.04 (10)°]. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions
Complete Agent-driven Model-based System Testing for Autonomous Systems
In this position paper, a novel approach to testing complex autonomous
transportation systems (ATS) in the automotive, avionic, and railway domains is
described. It is intended to mitigate some of the most critical problems
regarding verification and validation (V&V) effort for ATS. V&V is known to
become infeasible for complex ATS, when using conventional methods only. The
approach advocated here uses complete testing methods on the module level,
because these establish formal proofs for the logical correctness of the
software. Having established logical correctness, system-level tests are
performed in simulated cloud environments and on the target system. To give
evidence that 'sufficiently many' system tests have been performed with the
target system, a formally justified coverage criterion is introduced. To
optimise the execution of very large system test suites, we advocate an online
testing approach where multiple tests are executed in parallel, and test steps
are identified on-the-fly. The coordination and optimisation of these
executions is achieved by an agent-based approach. Each aspect of the testing
approach advocated here is shown to either be consistent with existing
standards for development and V&V of safety-critical transportation systems, or
it is justified why it should become acceptable in future revisions of the
applicable standards.Comment: In Proceedings FMAS 2021, arXiv:2110.1152
Local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: A review and some recent developments
Local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS), which provides a powerful tool for exploration of electrode heterogeneity, has its roots in the development of electrochemical techniques employing scanning of microelectrodes. The historical development of local impedance spectroscopy measurements is reviewed, and guidelines are presented for implementation of LEIS. The factors which control the limiting spatial resolution of the technique are identified. The mathematical foundation for the technique is reviewed, including definitions of interfacial and local Ohmic impedances on both local and global scales. Experimental results for the reduction of ferricyanide show the correspondence between local and global impedances. Simulations for a single Faradaic reaction on a disk electrode embedded in an insulator are used to show that the Ohmic contribution, traditionally considered to be a real value, can have complex character in certain frequency ranges
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