On regular graphs with four distinct eigenvalues

Let $\mathcal{G}(4,2)$ be the set of connected regular graphs with four distinct eigenvalues in which exactly two eigenvalues are simple, $\mathcal{G}(4,2,-1)$ (resp. $\mathcal{G}(4,2,0)$) the set of graphs belonging to $\mathcal{G}(4,2)$ with $-1$ (resp. $0$) as an eigenvalue, and $\mathcal{G}(4,\geq -1)$ the set of connected regular graphs with four distinct eigenvalues and second least eigenvalue not less than $-1$. In this paper, we prove the non-existence of connected graphs having four distinct eigenvalues in which at least three eigenvalues are simple, and determine all the graphs in $\mathcal{G}(4,2,-1)$. As a by-product of this work, we characterize all the graphs belonging to $\mathcal{G}(4,\geq-1)$ and $\mathcal{G}(4,2,0)$, respectively, and show that all these graphs are determined by their spectra.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur

Automorphism group of the complete alternating group graph

Let $S_n$ and $A_n$ denote the symmetric group and alternating group of degree $n$ with $n\geq 3$, respectively. Let $S$ be the set of all $3$-cycles in $S_n$. The \emph{complete alternating group graph}, denoted by $CAG_n$, is defined as the Cayley graph $\mathrm{Cay}(A_n,S)$ on $A_n$ with respect to $S$. In this paper, we show that $CAG_n$ ($n\geq 4$) is not a normal Cayley graph. Furthermore, the automorphism group of $CAG_n$ for $n\geq 5$ is obtained, which equals to $\mathrm{Aut}(CAG_n)=(R(A_n)\rtimes \mathrm{Inn}(S_n))\rtimes \mathbb{Z}_2\cong (A_n\rtimes S_n)\rtimes \mathbb{Z}_2$, where $R(A_n)$ is the right regular representation of $A_n$, $\mathrm{Inn}(S_n)$ is the inner automorphism group of $S_n$, and $\mathbb{Z}_2=\langle h\rangle$, where $h$ is the map $\alpha\mapsto\alpha^{-1}$ ($\forall \alpha\in A_n$).Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur

The graphs with exactly two distance eigenvalues different from −1-1 and −3-3

In this paper, we completely characterize the graphs with third largest distance eigenvalue at most $-1$ and smallest distance eigenvalue at least $-3$. In particular, we determine all graphs whose distance matrices have exactly two eigenvalues (counting multiplicity) different from $-1$ and $-3$. It turns out that such graphs consist of three infinite classes, and all of them are determined by their distance spectra. We also show that the friendship graph is determined by its distance spectrum.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur

Integral Cayley Graphs over Dihedral Groups

In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the integrality of Cayley graphs over the dihedral group $D_n=\langle a,b\mid a^n=b^2=1,bab=a^{-1}\rangle$. Moreover, we also obtain some simple sufficient conditions for the integrality of Cayley graphs over $D_n$ in terms of the Boolean algebra of $\langle a\rangle$, from which we find infinite classes of integral Cayley graphs over $D_n$. In particular, we completely determine all integral Cayley graphs over the dihedral group $D_p$ for a prime $p$.Comment: 15 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1307.6155 by other author

Graphs with at most three distance eigenvalues different from −1-1 and −2-2

Let $G$ be a connected graph on $n$ vertices, and let $D(G)$ be the distance matrix of $G$. Let $\partial_1(G)\ge\partial_2(G)\ge\cdots\ge\partial_n(G)$ denote the eigenvalues of $D(G)$. In this paper, we characterize all connected graphs with $\partial_{3}(G)\leq -1$ and $\partial_{n-1}(G)\geq -2$. By the way, we determine all connected graphs with at most three distance eigenvalues different from $-1$ and $-2$.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure

The Kirchhoff Index of Enhanced Hypercubes

Let $\{e_{1},\ldots,e_{n}\}$ be the standard basis of abelian group $Z_{2}^{n}$, which can be also viewed as a linear space of dimension $n$ over the Galois filed $F_{2}$, and $\epsilon_{k}=e_k+e_{k+1}+\cdots+e_n$ for some $1\le k\le n-1$. It is well known that the so called enhanced hypercube $Q_{n, k}(1\le k \le n-1)$ is just the Cayley graph $Cay(Z_{2}^{n},S)$ where $S=\{e_{1},\ldots, e_{n},\epsilon_{k}\}$. In this paper, we obtain the spectrum of $Q_{n, k}$, from which we give an exact formula of the Kirchhoff index of the enhanced hypercube $Q_{n, k}$. Furthermore, we prove that, for a given $n$, $Kf(Q_{n, k})$ is increased with the increase of $k$. Finally, we get $\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\frac{Kf(Q_{n, k})}{\frac{2^{2n}}{n+1}}=1$

On graphs with m(∂1L)=n−3m(\partial^L_1)=n-3

Let $\partial^L_1\ge\partial^L_2\ge\cdots\ge\partial^L_n$ be the distance Laplacian eigenvalues of a connected graph $G$ and $m(\partial^L_i)$ the multiplicity of $\partial^L_i$. It is well known that the graphs with $m(\partial^L_1)=n-1$ are complete graphs. Recently, the graphs with $m(\partial^L_1)=n-2$ have been characterized by Celso et al. In this paper, we completely determine the graphs with $m(\partial^L_1)=n-3$.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

On graphs with exactly two positive eigenvalues

The inertia of a graph $G$ is defined to be the triplet $In(G) = (p(G), n(G),$ $\eta(G))$, where $p(G)$, $n(G)$ and $\eta(G)$ are the numbers of positive, negative and zero eigenvalues (including multiplicities) of the adjacency matrix $A(G)$, respectively. Traditionally $p(G)$ (resp. $n(G)$) is called the positive (resp. negative) inertia index of $G$. In this paper, we introduce three types of congruent transformations for graphs that keep the positive inertia index and negative inertia index. By using these congruent transformations, we determine all graphs with exactly two positive eigenvalues and one zero eigenvalue.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figure

Characterization of graphs with exactly two positive eigenvalues

Smith, as early as 1977, characterized all graphs with exactly one positive eigenvalue. Recently, Oboudi completely determined the graphs with exactly two positive eigenvalues and no zero eigenvalue, Duan et al. completely determined the graphs with exactly two positive eigenvalues and one zero eigenvalue. In this paper, we characterize all graphs with exactly two positive eigenvalues.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1805.0803

The second eigenvalue of some normal Cayley graphs of high transitive groups

Let $\Gamma$ be a finite group acting transitively on $[n]=\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$, and let $G=\mathrm{Cay}(\Gamma,T)$ be a Cayley graph of $\Gamma$. The graph $G$ is called normal if $T$ is closed under conjugation. In this paper, we obtain an upper bound for the second (largest) eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of the graph $G$ in terms of the second eigenvalues of certain subgraphs of $G$ (see Theorem 2.6). Using this result, we develop a recursive method to determine the second eigenvalues of certain Cayley graphs of $S_n$ and we determine the second eigenvalues of a majority of the connected normal Cayley graphs (and some of their subgraphs) of $S_n$ with $\max_{\tau\in T}|\mathrm{supp}(\tau)|\leq 5$, where $\mathrm{supp}(\tau)$ is the set of points in $[n]$ non-fixed by $\tau$.Comment: 26 page