[[alternative]]Isolation,cultivation and observation of the genus Blastocladia in Taiwan

[[abstract]]The genus Blastocladia is a member of the Chytridiomycota. These organisms are predomintly saprophytes on decaying twigs and fruits in semi-stagnant or slowly flowing fresh water on which they form crisp hemispherical pustules. Thallus is tree-like, without true septum, attached by rhizoids to substrata. Cell-wall is non-celluose. No pseudosepta are formed, and sporangia with a exit dehiscence papilla. Zoospores uniciliate posterially, have a nuclear cap. It was successfully cultivated and examined, and identified five species of the genus Blastocladia from Taiwan. They are namely: Bastocladial pringsheimii Reinsch、Bl. ramosa Taxter、Bl. globosa Kanouse、Bl. sparrowii (Sparrow) Indoh and Bl. incrassta Indoh. Bl. globosa is a new axenic culture strains to the taxon (fungal flora). Bl. ramosa is described as a new record and new axenic culture to Taiwain.

Numerical study of response behaviors of natural gas hydrate reservoir around wellbore induced by water jet slotting

The trial production of natural gas hydrate reservoirs remains poor. Reasonable reservoir reconstruction, which can improve formation permeability, is an important approach to increasing the efficiency and enhancing production. In this work, water jet slotting is proposed to reconstruct an natural gas hydrate reservoir near a wellbore. The spatial slots formed by water jet slotting not only directly constitute high-permeability channels, but also generate disturbances to the surrounding in-situ sediment. Water jet slotting disturbances to nearby sediment was investigated using a three dimensional flow-structure coupling model to evaluate the proposed reconstruction method. The reservoir at the SH2 site in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea was used as the reference. A horizontal slotting arrangement along the vertical well was adopted. The results demonstrate that water jet slotting can change the primary stress state of the sediment around the wellbore, and generate a dominant stress relaxation zone and small stress concentration zone. Within the stress relaxation zone, the in-situ compressive stress was remarkably reduced or even transformed into tensile stress, accompanied by sediment displacement and volumetric expansion strain. This is conducive to loosening the sediment around the wellbore and improving the permeability characteristics. In addition, the influence of the water jet slotting parameters including slot radius, spacing, and number on disturbances to the nearby sediment was studied. Reservoir responses to water jet slotting under balanced and unbalanced bottom-hole pressures were compared and analyzed. This study provides a reference for natural gas hydrate reservoir reconstruction using water jet slotting.Engineering Thermodynamic