Disturbance observer based adaptive sliding mode control for continuous stirred tank reactor

The continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) typifies an important class of process control systems. Is is a nonlinear system and is sensitive to both external disturbances and system uncertainty. Given these challenges, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate any external disturbance. Then, a continuous adaptive sliding mode control method is combined with the proposed disturbance observer. This is found to reduce chattering and improve control accuracy when compared with other methods. A full Lyapunov stability proof of the resulting closed-loop system is performed and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulation experiments

Individualized Storyline-based News Topic Retrospection

It takes a great effort for common news readers to track events promptly, and not to mention that they can retrospect them precisely after it occurred for a long time period. Although topic detection and tracking techniques have been developed to promptly identify and keep track of similar events in a topic and monitor their progress, the cognitive load remains for a reader to digest these reports. A storyline-based summarization may facilitate readers to recall occurred events in a topic by extracting informative sentences of news reports to compose a concise summary with essential episodes. This paper proposes SToRe (Story-line based Topic Retrospection), that identifies events from news reports and composes a storyline summary to portray the event evolution in a topic. It consists of three main functions: event identification, main storyline construction and storyline-based summarization. The main storyline guides the extraction of representative sentences from news articles to summarize occurred events. This study demonstrates that different topic term sets result in different storylines, and in turn, different summaries. This adaptation is useful for users to review occurred news topics in different storylines

Parental bonding in males with adjustment disorder and hyperventilation syndrome

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to identify the style of parental bonding and the personality characteristics that might increase the risk of hyperventilation and adjustment disorder. METHODS: A total of 917 males were recruited, 156 with adjustment disorder and hyperventilation syndrome (AD + HY), 273 with adjustment disorder without hyperventilation syndrome (AD–HY), and 488 healthy controls. All participants completed the Parental Bonding Instrument, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Chinese Health Questionnaire. RESULTS: Analysis using structural equation models identified a pathway relationship in which parental bonding affected personality characteristics, personality characteristics affected mental health condition, and mental health condition affected the development of hyperventilation or adjustment disorder. Males with AD–HY perceived less paternal care, and those with AD + HY perceived more maternal protection than those with adjustment disorder and those in the control group. Participants with AD–HY were more neurotic and less extroverted than those with AD + HY. Both groups showed poorer mental health than the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Although some patients with hyperventilation syndrome demonstrated symptoms of adjustment disorder, there were different predisposing factors between the two groups in terms of parental bonding and personality characteristics. This finding is important for the early intervention and prevention of hyperventilation and adjustment disorder

Diagnosis and Treatment of Comorbidities of Tourette's Syndrome and Bipolar Disorder in A 10-Year-Old Boy

Changes in moods are one of the comorbid psychiatric manifestations that frequently occur in patients with Tourette's syndrome. The assessment of a manic episode in children with Tourette's syndrome is challenging. Furthermore, the treatment of children with comorbid mania and Tourette's syndrome has not been extensively studied. We present a 10-year-old boy who suffered from both Tourette's syndrome and mania, whose symptoms improved after using lithium and risperidone. The child was diagnosed with Tourette's syndrome at 7 years of age when he suffered from tics and experienced his first manic episode. He received monotherapy, including haloperidol, risperidone and aripiprazole, and the response was poor. When the combination of lithium and risperidone was used, the tics and mania subsided. It is important to assess individuals with Tourette's syndrome for associated bipolar disorder. The treatment of children with both disorders is a major clinical issue, and our case may serve as an example for successful treatment strategies

Bis(μ-5-carboxyl­ato-1-carboxyl­ato­methyl-2-oxidopyridinium)-κ2 O 5:O 1;κ2 O 1:O 5-[diaqua­(phenan­throline-κ2 N,N′)manganese(II)] dihydrate

The centrosymmetric binuclear title complex, [Mn2(C8H5NO5)2(C12H8N2)2(H2O)4]·2H2O, was obtained by the reaction of manganese chloride with 5-carb­oxy-1-carboxy­methyl-2-oxidopyridinium and 1,10-phenanthroline. The MnII atom is coordinated by two N atoms from the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand, two O atoms from two 5-carboxyl­ato-1-carboxyl­atomethyl-2-oxidopyridinium ligands and two water mol­ecules, leading to a distorted octahedral MnN2O4 environment. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link neighbouring mol­ecules into a layer structure parallel to (001)

trans-Bis(2-acet­amido-5-methyl­benzoato-κO 1)tetra­aqua­zinc

In the title compound, [Zn(C10H10NO3)2(H2O)4], the ZnII atom lies on a crystallographic inversion center and is six-coordinated by two monodentate trans-related 2-(N-acetyl­amino)-5-methyl­benzoato ligands and four water mol­ecules, giving a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry. There are two intra­molecular hydrogen bonds [amine N—H⋯Ocarbox­yl and water O—H⋯Ocarbox­yl], while extensive inter­molecular water O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions extend the complex units into a two-dimensional network structure along (100)