Research on the influence of dimension and location of reflective film on the resonance frequency of quartz tuning fork

We studied the effected of dimension and location of reflective film on the resonance frequency. Simulation results indicate that the location of reflective film has a greater impact on the resonance frequency of QTF. The higher the position of reflective film, the lower the resonance frequency of QTF. Furthermore, the resonance frequency can also be affected by the dimension of reflective film. However, the reflective film in the middle of the QTF arm is not sensitive to the dimension of reflective film. The frequency is close to the resonance frequency of the QTF model without reflective film, it is about 30259Hz. We can increase the length and width of reflective film to improve the laser reflection on the QTF surface. Therefore, this position is suitable for the detection of photo-acoustic spectroscopy. The analysis results provide a theoretical basis for researching new photo-acoustic spectrum remote sensing device

Research on the influence of dimension and location of reflective film on the resonance frequency of quartz tuning fork

We studied the effected of dimension and location of reflective film on the resonance frequency. Simulation results indicate that the location of reflective film has a greater impact on the resonance frequency of QTF. The higher the position of reflective film, the lower the resonance frequency of QTF. Furthermore, the resonance frequency can also be affected by the dimension of reflective film. However, the reflective film in the middle of the QTF arm is not sensitive to the dimension of reflective film. The frequency is close to the resonance frequency of the QTF model without reflective film, it is about 30259Hz. We can increase the length and width of reflective film to improve the laser reflection on the QTF surface. Therefore, this position is suitable for the detection of photo-acoustic spectroscopy. The analysis results provide a theoretical basis for researching new photo-acoustic spectrum remote sensing device

Redox regulation of Tobacco Rubisco activase mediated by thioredoxin-<i>f</i>

We measured the activation activities of RCA from spinach,arabidopsis,tobacco and tomato under different redox states in the presence of Trx-f from spinach and tobacco,respectively.The results showed that the activity of RCA from spinach and Arabidopsis was regulated by different redox states in the presence of Trx-f from spinach,and the activity of RCA from tobacco and tomato was regulated by different redox states in the presence of Trx-f from tobacco.It demonstrated that that both the activity of RCA consisted of two isoforms and only one isoform (like tobacco) can be regulated by changes in the redox states,which mediated by the Trx-f.Furthermore,we also suggested changes in the redox state of RCA mediated by Trx-f are species dependent

Diagenetic differences of the Zhenzhuchong Member of Ziliujing Formation in the Jiulongshan–Jiange area, Sichuan Basin

The rocks of the Zhenzhuchong Member of the Ziliujing Formation, Jiulongshan–Jiange area in the Sichuan Basin, were analyzed by petrography, XRD, and SEM techniques to investigate their diagenetic history and properties, such as authigenic mineral types, evolution of mixed-layer illite–smectite minerals, the clay assembly, and the fraction of mixed-layer clay minerals. The results revealed that the Zhenzhuchong Member has experienced several important episodes of diagenetic alteration since the deposition, including compaction (pressure-solution), cementation, metasomatism, dissolution, fracturing, and infilling of caves and cracks. It was also observed that diagenetic properties of the Jiulongshan area were significantly different from those of the Jiange area. The rock samples from the Jiulongshan area were characterized by the composition of siliceous and calcareous cements, varying amounts of detrital grains, clay matrix and kaolinite replaced by calcites, a certain amount of rarely dissolved early-stage kaolinite, dickite, and infillings by late-stage calcite. On the other hand, for the rock samples from the Jiange area, the dissolution is a common phenomenon with features of abundant aluminosilicates-dissolution pores or components, but the replacement phenomenon has rarely been seen. These rock samples were characterized by the presence of clay mineral cements, quartz, and dolomite infillings. It indicated that there was a great difference of diagenesis between the two areas in the types, phase, and temperature of diagenetic fluids. Revealing the difference would provide theoretical and practical implications for the exploration of high quality oil and gas reservoirs

An electromechanical model for the estimation of breakdown voltage in stretchable dielectric elastomer

Dielectric elastomer (DE) is capable of large deformation under electrical excitation. However, DE is susceptible to breakdown failure in this electromechanical actuation. Using an analogy of fracture mechanics, we establish an energetic model to estimate the breakdown voltage of DE in actuation. The non-linear characteristics, including material parameters, stretch ratios, and ambient temperature are involved to determine the critical condition of breakdown failure. The model is verified by experimental data of VHB membranes, and then extended to different DE materials. With respect to applications, two types of classic dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are analyzed, and their breakdown voltages are evaluated. This study can provide a path for optimization of DE in electromechanical actuator and insulator applications

Construction of an example system for AC/DC hybrid power grid with high-proportion renewable energy

Large-scale wind and solar power generations have got rapid development in recent years in China and abroad. They always connect to load centres through high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission or ultra HVDC (UHVDC) transmission lines. Such systems are so large and it is necessary to make appropriate equivalence according to the purpose of different research. At present, the analysis model of this kind of real system is few, and simplified single-machine infinite-bus system or IEEE example system is adopted most of the time, which may affect the accuracy of analysis results. Here, the UHVDC project from a practical renewable energy base to load centres in China is chosen as an example, the actual structure and parameters are used to establish a typical example system for AC/DC hybrid power grid with high-proportion renewable energy. The new-generation synchronous condenser with large capacity and the supporting synchronous generators are all considered. First, the installed power generation, power grid structure, and load configuration of example system are introduced. Then the load flow distribution and transient stability characteristics are analysed by using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed example system is shown by simulation results

Flood Scenario Simulation, Based on the Hydrological and Hydrodynamic Model in the Puyang River Catchment

The topography of the Puyang River catchment is complex and includes hills and plains. The Zhuji basin in the middle reaches a densely populated area facing serious flooding issues, due to the upstream flooding and downstream backwater. To address the problem, this study applies the Xin’anjiang hydrological model and IFMS 1D-2D hydrodynamic model, to simulate flood scenarios. The simulation results demonstrated that the hydrological model and the -hydrodynamic model together are a feasible tool to monitor the flooding process in the Puyang River catchment. In addition, different flood scenarios which consider disaster-inducing factors and flood control operations are simulated by the model. Reasonable solutions are analyzed for the local flood management

Characteristics, controlling factors and exploration prospects of microbial dolomite reservoirs in the second member of Dengying Formation, Penglai-Zhongjiang area of central Sichuan Basin

The formation and evolution of dolomite reservoirs in the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin have attracted much attention recently. Due to their economic significance for hosting natural gas resources, determining the key factors that govern the formation and evolution of these dolomite reservoirs are important for hydrocarbon exploration and development. Based on the drilling and seismic data in the Penglai-Zhongjiang area of the Sichuan Basin, the main controlling factors for the development of high-quality reservoirs in the second member of Dengying Formation are investigated by integrating core and thin section observation and geochemical analysis. Lithologies of the reservoirs in the second member of Dengying Formation are dominantly microbial dolomites, dolo-grainstones, and brecciaed dolomites. Moreover, reservoir spaces in these dolomites are mostly dissolution pores, residual framework pores, and breccia pores. The porosity ranges from 2.0% to 8.0% with an average of 4.39%, and the average permeability is 0.53×10-3 μm2, and the reservoir thickness is 170-320 m. Synsedimentary faulting had caused the differentiation of depositional paleo-geomorphology and led to the formation of submarine high barriers, which provided favorable conditions for the development of microbial mound (reef) and shoal complexes. Furthermore, fault activities could have broken the weakly consolidated carbonate sediments into breccias, thus resulting in the brecciaed dolomite reservoir. Penecontemporaneous dissolution is the key to the development of high-quality reservoirs in the second member of the Dengying Formation, which is consistent with their occurrence in the upper part of the shallowing-upward cycles. Differentiation in microfacies leads to distinct diagenetic pathways and porosity evolution of these microbial-dominant carbonate sediments. Overall, dolomite cementation during shallow burial had controlled thedegree of pore preservation. It is predicted that three fault-controlled, platform-margin mound regions in the study area, i.e., Penglai-Zhongjiang, Yanting-Mianyang, and Cangxi-Guangyuan, with areas of 1 600 km2, 1 870 km2 and 2 280 km2, respectively, had been developed in the second member of Dengying Formation in the north slope of the central Sichuan paleo-uplift, showing multi-stage and multi-zone characteristics. Microbial mounds in the platform margin of the second member of Dengying Formation in the Yanting-Mianyang and Cangxi-Guangyuan areas, with three sets of high-quality source rocks, may form a variety of favorable source-reservoir combinations. Additionally, the accumulation conditions may have been superior. The estimated natural gas resources in the study area, over one trillion square meters, makes it a favorable area for ultra-deep carbonate exploration and is expected to be a breakthrough site for the next one trillion square gas field in the Sichuan Basin

AAV13 Enables Precise Targeting of Local Neural Populations

As powerful tools for local gene delivery, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are widely used for neural circuit studies and therapeutical purposes. However, most of them have the characteristics of large diffusion range and retrograde labeling, which may result in off-target transduction during in vivo application. Here, in order to achieve precise gene delivery, we screened AAV serotypes that have not been commonly used as gene vectors and found that AAV13 can precisely transduce local neurons in the brain, with a smaller diffusion range than AAV2 and rigorous anterograde labeling. Then, AAV13-based single-viral and dual-viral strategies for sparse labeling of local neurons in the brains of C57BL/6 or Cre transgenic mice were developed. Additionally, through the neurobehavioral test in the ventral tegmental area, we demonstrated that AAV13 was validated for functional monitoring by means of carrying Cre recombinase to drive the expression of Cre-dependent calcium-sensitive indicator. In summary, our study provides AAV13-based toolkits for precise local gene delivery, which can be used for in situ small nuclei targeting, sparse labeling and functional monitoring