Effects of short-term grazing prohibition on soil physical and chemical properties of meadows in Southwest China

Background Grassland plays an important role in the ecosystem, but overgrazing harms the grassland system in many places. Grazing prohibition is an effective method to restore grassland ecosystems, and it plays a great role in realizing the sustainable development of grassland systems. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on the influence of regional grazing prohibition on the physical and chemical properties of different grassland systems. Methods In Potatso National Park, Southwest China, we selected experimental plots in the artificial grazing meadow area to study the effects of grazing prohibition on plant and soil indexes in subalpine meadows and swamp meadows. We investigated the biomass and species diversity of grazing prohibition treatment and grazing treatment plots and sampled and tested the soil index. The variation percentage was used to remove the original heterogeneity and yearly variation, allowing us to compare differences in plant index and soil index values between grazing prohibition and grazing treatments. Results Grazing prohibition increased the aboveground biomass, total biomass, total meadow coverage, average height, richness index, Shannon diversity index and evenness index and reduced the belowground biomass and root/shoot ratio in the subalpine meadow and swamp meadow. Additionally, grazing prohibition reduced the pH and soil bulk density and increased the soil total carbon, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil hydrolyzable nitrogen, soil total phosphorus and soil available phosphorus in the subalpine meadow and swamp meadow. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that both plant indexes and soil indexes were significantly different between grazing and grazing prohibition treatments and between meadow types. Short-term grazing prohibition had a great impact on improving the fertility of meadow soil in the study area. We suggest that long-term and extensive research should be carried out to promote the restoration and sustainable development of regional grassland systems

The design of the permeable brick permeable coefficient test method

According to the standard content, it provides a completely satisfy the permeable brick permeable coefficient test detection device. This for improvement of the permeable brick permeable coefficient test device, the vacuum control system, electric control system and weighing tank organic union, more in line with test operation process. It has a strong and durable, easy maintenance, the advantages of small human error influence, the systematic test device and automatic control, and single convenient operation, the operator simple sample preparation is more secure, more HuanYang easy, intuitive visual measuring instrument, collect data and calculate quickly at the same time. The test data with high precision, small error, high efficiency, low requirements for the operator, scope of application is wide

Meta-analysis of reference values of haemostatic markers during pregnancy and childbirth

Previously reported haemostatic reference intervals in normal pregnancy displayed considerable contradictions to establish convince gestational age-related haemostatic reference values. 30 clinical reports were recruited to collect and assemble existing clinical reports from the database D-dimer levels increased progressively with gestational ages and exceeded conventional value of 1 mg/L after 29–36 weeks, and reached a peak at 24 h postpartum with mean value of 6.44 mg/L [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.84 to 7.05] and returned to 0.79 mg/L (95% CI: 0.43 to 1.16) at 1–8 weeks postpartum. Analogously, the level of fibrinogen gradually increased throughout the pregnancy, and peaked at 48–72 h after birth, with mean value of 9.05 g/L (95% CI: 2.22 to 15.89) and then returned to 3.62 g/L (95% CI: 3.03 to 4.20) at 1–8 weeks postpartum. However, in the middle trimester, asynchronously prothromb in fragments 1 + 2 (F1+2) level elevated and reached a peak at 28–36 weeks with mean value of 3.05 nmol/L (95% CI: 2.41 to 3.70), and then decreased in the later trimester, and reached 1.92 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.58 to 3.27) at 48–72 h post-partum, close to normal levels. Previously reported gestational age-related haemostatic reference intervals in pregnancy could not be used as a standard. Keywords: Coagulation markers, D-dimer, Fibrinogen, Normal reference values, Prothrombin fragments 1+2 (F1+2

Hierarchical nanocarbon-MnO2 electrodes for enhanced electrochemical capacitor performance

High-capacity energy storage in electrochemical capacitors may benefit from the combination of electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC) and pseudocapacitance to lead to high specific energy and power beyond the current capacity of rechargeable batteries. However, commonly pursued combinations of non-conductive pseudocapacitive and conductive EDLC materials rarely achieve synergistic effects. This work addresses the issue by demonstrating unique hierarchical microstructured electrodes comprising uniformly dispersed MnO2 nanoparticles on intentionally converted “pseudocapacitive” edges of plasma-grown Vertically Oriented Graphenes (VGs), with side-walls fully open to EDLC effects, and bonded at the base to the supporting highly conducting carbon nanofibers (CNFs), without any binder. The hierarchical structure combines the benefits of good conductivity of VGs and CNFs, the unique edge nucleation behavior and small size of MnO2 nanoparticles, and the large surface areas of the exposed graphene walls. Moderate oxidation of VGs helps refine MnO2 nanostructures and improve the cycle stability. The hybrid electrode delivers a specific capacitance of 612 F g-1 (32.7 F cm-3) at scan rate of 2 mV s-1 and exhibits good stability 109% after 5000 CV cycles at the scan rate of 100 mV s-1 in three-electrode system. The asymmetric electrode configuration based on it reveals a specific energy of 30.4 Wh kg-1 (0.90 mWh cm-3) and a specific power of 27.8 kW kg-1 (824 mW cm-3) at 15 A g-1. This work suggests new ways to produce hybrid MnO2-carbon hierarchical composite materials for the improved electrochemical capacitor performance