Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to a heavy resonance production and decay into top quark pair at the LHC

We present a complete next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD calculation to a heavy resonance production and decay into a top quark pair at the LHC, where the resonance could be either a Randall-Sundrum (RS) Kaluza-Klein (KK) graviton $G$ or an extra gauge boson $Z'$. The complete NLO QCD corrections can enhance the total cross sections by about $80\%- 100\%$ and $20\%- 40\%$ for the $G$ and the $Z'$, respectively, depending on the resonance mass. We also explore in detail the NLO corrections to the polar angle distributions of the top quark, and our results show that the shapes of the NLO distributions can be different from the leading order (LO) ones for the KK graviton. Moreover, we study the NLO corrections to the spin correlations of the top quark pair production via the above process, and find that the corrections are small.Comment: Published version in PR

Novel thick-foam ferroelectret with engineered voids for energy harvesting applications

This work reports a novel thick-foam ferroelectret which is designed and engineered for energy harvesting applications. We fabricated this ferroelectret foam by mixing a chemical blowing agent with a polymer solution, then used heat treatment to activate the agent and create voids in the polymer foam. The dimensions of the foam, the density and size of voids can be well controlled in the fabrication process. Therefore, this ferroelectret can be engineered into optimized structure for energy harvesting applications

Discriminative Cooperative Networks for Detecting Phase Transitions

The classification of states of matter and their corresponding phase transitions is a special kind of machine-learning task, where physical data allow for the analysis of new algorithms, which have not been considered in the general computer-science setting so far. Here we introduce an unsupervised machine-learning scheme for detecting phase transitions with a pair of discriminative cooperative networks (DCN). In this scheme, a guesser network and a learner network cooperate to detect phase transitions from fully unlabeled data. The new scheme is efficient enough for dealing with phase diagrams in two-dimensional parameter spaces, where we can utilize an active contour model -- the snake -- from computer vision to host the two networks. The snake, with a DCN "brain", moves and learns actively in the parameter space, and locates phase boundaries automatically

Simple evanescent field sensor for NIR spectroscopy

Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for chemical analysis in applications ranging from biomedicine to analysis of food products and textiles [1]. However, molar absorptivities in this spectral region are usually weak, so that high-sensitivity measurement devices are required. Optical waveguides provide for highly sensitive attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy in a robust mass-producible format, and allow for ultra-small sample volume, due to the 100 nm scale extent of the evanescent field, and the potential for lab-on-chip integration

Iron K Lines from Gamma Ray Bursts

We present models for reprocessing of an intense flux of X-rays and gamma rays expected in the vicinity of gamma ray burst sources. We consider the transfer and reprocessing of the energetic photons into observable features in the X-ray band, notably the K lines of iron. Our models are based on the assumption that the gas is sufficiently dense to allow the microphysical processes to be in a steady state, thus allowing efficient line emission with modest reprocessing mass and elemental abundances ranging from solar to moderately enriched. We show that the reprocessing is enhanced by down-Comptonization of photons whose energy would otherwise be too high to absorb on iron, and that pair production can have an effect on enhancing the line production. Both "distant" reprocessors such as supernova or wind remnants and "nearby" reprocessors such as outer stellar envelopes can reproduce the observed line fluxes with Fe abundances 30-100 times above solar, depending on the incidence angle. The high incidence angles required arise naturally only in nearby models, which for plausible values can reach Fe line to continuum ratios close to the reported values.Comment: 37 pages, 10 figures. Ap. J in pres