49,806 research outputs found
Universal Quantum Degeneracy Point for Superconducting Qubits
The quantum degeneracy point approach [D. Vion et al., Science 296, 886
(2002)] effectively protects superconducting qubits from low-frequency noise
that couples with the qubits as transverse noise. However, low-frequency noise
in superconducting qubits can originate from various mechanisms and can couple
with the qubits either as transverse or as longitudinal noise. Here, we present
a quantum circuit containing a universal quantum degeneracy point that protects
an encoded qubit from arbitrary low-frequency noise. We further show that
universal quantum logic gates can be performed on the encoded qubit with high
gate fidelity. The proposed scheme is robust against small parameter spreads
due to fabrication errors in the superconducting qubits.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Spin swap gate in the presence of qubit inhomogeneity in a double quantum dot
We study theoretically the effects of qubit inhomogeneity on the quantum
logic gate of qubit swap, which is an integral part of the operations of a
quantum computer. Our focus here is to construct a robust pulse sequence for
swap operation in the simultaneous presence of Zeeman inhomogeneity for quantum
dot trapped electron spins and the finite-time ramp-up of exchange coupling in
a double dot. We first present a geometric explanation of spin swap operation,
mapping the two-qubit operation onto a single-qubit rotation. We then show that
in this geometric picture a square-pulse-sequence can be easily designed to
perform swap in the presence of Zeeman inhomogeneity. Finally, we investigate
how finite ramp-up times for the exchange coupling negatively affect the
performance of the swap gate sequence, and show how to correct the problems
numerically.Comment: published versio
Effects of the Incidence Density of Fever (IDF) on patients resuscitated from in-hospital cardiac arrest: a mediation analysis
Objective: The aim of this research was to study the factors contributing to the survival rate of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and to determine whether the incidence density of fever (IDF) acts as a mediator. Methods: Data from patients with IHCA who survived more than 48 h were collected from 2011 to 2017. IDF was defined as the fever duration divided by the hospitalization duration, prolonged fever was defined as fever lasting for more than 5 days, and early fever was defined as an initial onset within the first 2 days of IHCA. Possible clinical variables associated with IDF were examined by linear regression, and possible clinical variables associated with survival rate were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses. IDF was investigated as a mediator of the indirect effects of the risk factors on survival. Results: In our retrospective study, the median IDF was 0, with an interquartile range from 0 to 0.42. Prolonged fever was noted in 16% (97/605) of the total, and early fever was noted in 17.2% (104/605) of the total. Linear regression results showed that positive chest X-ray, central venous catheter and Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) ≤ 8 were related to IDF. The IDF (OR: 0.36, 95% CI, 0.13–0.97, P = 0.04), prolonged fever (adjusted OR = 0.13, 95% CI, 0.06–0.29, P < 0.001), positive chest X-ray (OR: 0.67, 95% CI, 0.46–0.98, P = 0.04), central venous catheter placement (OR: 0.54, 95% CI, 0.34–0.89, P = 0.01), and endotracheal intubation (OR: 0.47, 95% CI, 0.33–0.69, P < 0.001) were also related to the negative outcome of hospital discharge after adjustment. Additionally, positive chest X-ray had a 19% effect on survival outcome through IDF as a mediator, and the indirect effect of central venous catheter mediated by IDF accounted for 10% of the total. Conclusions: A higher IDF, prolonged fever, a positive chest X-ray, the use of a central venous catheter and endotracheal intubation reduced the survival rate of these patients, and the detrimental impacts of a positive chest X-ray and the use of a central venous catheter on survival outcomes were partially mediated by IDF
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