Erd\H{o}s-Gy\'{a}rf\'{a}s Conjecture for P10P_{10}-free Graphs

Let $P_{10}$ be a path on $10$ vertices. A graph is said to be $P_{10}$-free if it does not contain $P_{10}$ as an induced subgraph. The well-known Erd\H{o}s-Gy\'{a}rf\'{a}s Conjecture states that every graph with minimum degree at least three has a cycle whose length is a power of $2$. In this paper, we show that every $P_{10}$-free graph with minimum degree at least three contains a cycle of length $4$ or $8$. This implies that the conjecture is true for $P_{10}$-free graphs

Lamb wave mode conversion-based crack detection for plate-like structures without baseline information

Traditional structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques are vulnerable to factors such as temperature change and vibration noise that are not relevant to structural damages. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper develops a reference-free crack detection method based on Lamb wave mode conversion. Neither baseline data nor damage threshold is required in this method. According to PZT polarization characteristics, feature signals which contained crack-lead Lamb wave converted modes are obtained from PZT components of two sets of side-by-side, and their amplitudes are obtained in the frequency domain to represent signal energy. Whether there being a crack is judged by comparing energy of each feature signal. Simulation and experiments show that the proposed method is not sensitive to optimal excitation frequency and sampling time, therefore it has strong robustness and applicability

Long Cycles through a Linear Forest

AbstractFor a graph G and an integer k⩾1, let S(G)={x∈V(G):dG(x)=0} and σk(G)=min{∑ki=1dG(vi):{v1, v2, …, vk} is an independent set of G}. The main result of this paper is as follows. Let k⩾3, m⩾0, and 0⩽s⩽k−3. Let G be a (m+k−1)-connected graph and let F be a subgraph of G with |E(F)|=m and |S(F)|=s. If every component of F is a path, then G has a cycle of length ⩾min{|V(G)|, 2kσk(G)−m} passing through E(F)∪V(F). This generalizes three related results known previously

A constructive characterization of total domination vertex critical graphs

AbstractLet G be a graph of order n and maximum degree Δ(G) and let γt(G) denote the minimum cardinality of a total dominating set of a graph G. A graph G with no isolated vertex is the total domination vertex critical if for any vertex v of G that is not adjacent to a vertex of degree one, the total domination number of G−v is less than the total domination number of G. We call these graphs γt-critical. For any γt-critical graph G, it can be shown that n≤Δ(G)(γt(G)−1)+1. In this paper, we prove that: Let G be a connected γt-critical graph of order n (n≥3), then n=Δ(G)(γt(G)−1)+1 if and only if G is regular and, for each v∈V(G), there is an A⊆V(G)−{v} such that N(v)∩A=0̸, the subgraph induced by A is 1-regular, and every vertex in V(G)−A−{v} has exactly one neighbor in A

Structural Genomics: Correlation Blocks, Population Structure, and Genome Architecture

An integration of the pattern of genome-wide inter-site associations with evolutionary forces is important for gaining insights into the genomic evolution in natural or artificial populations. Here, we assess the inter-site correlation blocks and their distributions along chromosomes. A correlation block is broadly termed as the DNA segment within which strong correlations exist between genetic diversities at any two sites. We bring together the population genetic structure and the genomic diversity structure that have been independently built on different scales and synthesize the existing theories and methods for characterizing genomic structure at the population level. We discuss how population structure could shape correlation blocks and their patterns within and between populations. Effects of evolutionary forces (selection, migration, genetic drift, and mutation) on the pattern of genome-wide correlation blocks are discussed. In eukaryote organisms, we briefly discuss the associations between the pattern of correlation blocks and genome assembly features in eukaryote organisms, including the impacts of multigene family, the perturbation of transposable elements, and the repetitive nongenic sequences and GC-rich isochores. Our reviews suggest that the observable pattern of correlation blocks can refine our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying the genomic evolution at the population level

Event-triggered optimal control of completely unknown nonlinear systems via identifier-critic learning

summary:This paper proposes an online identifier-critic learning framework for event-triggered optimal control of completely unknown nonlinear systems. Unlike classical adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) methods with actor-critic neural networks (NNs), a filter-regression-based approach is developed to reconstruct the unknown system dynamics, and thus avoid the dependence on an accurate system model in the control design loop. Meanwhile, NN adaptive laws are designed for the parameter estimation by using only the measured system state and input data, and facilitate the identifier-critic NN design. The convergence of the adaptive laws is analyzed. Furthermore, in order to reduce state sampling frequency, two kinds of aperiodic sampling schemes, namely static and dynamic event triggers, are embedded into the proposed optimal control design. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed event-triggered optimal control strategy

UroVysion™ fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) possibly has a high positive rate in carcinoma of non-urothelial lineages

Background: Positive UroVysion™ fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is generally considered as urothelial carcinoma (UC). We clarify if UroVysion™ FISH can be positive in carcinoma of non-urothelial lineages (CNUL), and verify the consistency of urine FISH and histological FISH in CNUL.Methods: All CNUL subjects detected by urine FISH assay due to haematuria from Tongji Hospital were screened. Meanwhile, 2 glandular cystitis and 2 urothelial carcinoma were served as negative or positive control. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections of all subjects were sent to the pathology department for histological FISH detection.Results: A total of 27 patients were included in this study, including 9 with adenocarcinomas, 11 with squamous cell carcinomas, and 7 with other tumour types. The overall positive rate in urine FISH was 64.00% (16/25) in patients with CNUL, 77.78% (7/9) in those with adenocarcinoma and 54.55% (6/11) in those with squamous carcinoma. There was a significant difference in the GLP p16 gene deletion rate between UC and CNUL (100% vs. 8.00%, p = 0.017). Histological FISH results showed that the histological results of 19 patients were consistent with their urine FISH results, and only one patient with stage Ⅲa urachal carcinoma had inconsistent histological FISH results (positive) and urine FISH (negative) results.Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time the application value of FISH in CNUL on urine samples. Positive urine FISH tests indicate not only UC, but also CNUL. UroVysion™ FISH possibly has a high positive rate in CNUL. CNUL and UC have different genetic changes shown by FISH

A case report of sustained remission after radiotherapy combined with ICI in NEPC with primary drug resistance to chemotherapy

Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is usually treated initially with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Although they experience a period of disease regression, most patients progress to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Patients with mCRPC now have an unprecedented number of approved treatment options, including chemotherapies, hormone therapies, targeted therapies, etc. However, the improvement of overall survival (OS) in patients with mCRPC and its special subtype neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is limited. In recent years, with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD1/PDL1 and CTLA4 inhibitors, immunotherapy has once again become a promising treatment choice to stimulate antitumor immunity. However, the efficacy of NEPC receiving ICI has not been reported. Here, we describe a patient with mCRPC who developed primary resistance to current endocrine and chemotherapy regimens and progressed to mCRPC with NEPC as the main component, showing a significant and lasting response to PD1 monoclonal antibody combined with radiotherapy

The tumor suppressive role of CAMK2N1 in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer at advanced stages including metastatic and castration-resistant cancer remains incurable due to the lack of effective therapies. The CAMK2N1 gene, cloned and characterized as an inhibitor of CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II), has been shown to affect tumorigenesis and tumor growth. However, it is still unknown whether CAMK2N1 plays a role in prostate cancer development. We first examined the protein and mRNA levels of CAMK2N1 and observed a significant decrease in human prostate cancers comparing to normal prostate tissues. Re-expression of CAMK2N1 in prostate cancer cells reduced cellular proliferation, arrested cells in G0/G1 phases, and induced apoptotic cell death accompanied by down-regulation of IGF-1, ErbB2, and VEGF downstream kinases PI3K/AKT, as well as the MEK/ERK-mediated signaling pathways. Conversely, knockdown of CAMK2N1 had a significant opposite effects on these phenotypes. Our analyses suggest that CAMK2N1 plays a tumor suppressive role in prostate cancer cells. Reduced CAMK2N1 expression correlates to human prostate cancer progression and predicts poor clinical outcome, indicating that CAMK2N1 may serve as a biomarker. The inhibition of tumor growth by expressing CAMK2N1 established a role of CAMK2N1 as a therapeutic target

CAMK2N1 inhibits prostate cancer progression through androgen receptor-dependent signaling.

Castration resistance is a major obstacle to hormonal therapy for prostate cancer patients. Although androgen independence of prostate cancer growth is a known contributing factor to endocrine resistance, the mechanism of androgen receptor deregulation in endocrine resistance is still poorly understood. Herein, the CAMK2N1 was shown to contribute to the human prostate cancer cell growth and survival through AR-dependent signaling. Reduced expression of CAMK2N1 was correlated to recurrence-free survival of prostate cancer patients with high levels of AR expression in their tumor. CAMK2N1 and AR signaling form an auto-regulatory negative feedback loop: CAMK2N1 expression was down-regulated by AR activation; while CAMK2N1 inhibited AR expression and transactivation through CAMKII and AKT pathways. Knockdown of CAMK2N1 in prostate cancer cells alleviated Casodex inhibition of cell growth, while re-expression of CAMK2N1 in castration-resistant cells sensitized the cells to Casodex treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that CAMK2N1 plays a tumor suppressive role and serves as a crucial determinant of the resistance of prostate cancer to endocrine therapies