Global and partitioned reconstructions of undirected complex networks

It is a significant challenge to predict the network topology from a small amount of dynamical observations. Different from the usual framework of the node-based reconstruction, two optimization approaches (i.e., the global and partitioned reconstructions) are proposed to infer the structure of undirected networks from dynamics. These approaches are applied to evolutionary games occurring on both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks via compressed sensing, which can more efficiently achieve higher reconstruction accuracy with relatively small amounts of data. Our approaches provide different perspectives on effectively reconstructing complex networks.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; revised version; added numerical results of the PR in Table 1 and expanded Section 4; added 7 reference

Accurate Reconstruction of Molecular Phylogenies for Proteins Using Codon and Amino Acid Unified Sequence Alignments (CAUSA)

Based on molecular clock hypothesis, and neutral theory of molecular evolution, molecular phylogenies have been widely used for inferring evolutionary history of organisms and individual genes. Traditionally, alignments and phylogeny trees of proteins and their coding DNA sequences are constructed separately, thus often different conclusions were drawn. Here we present a new strategy for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree reconstruction, codon and amino acid unified sequence alignment (CAUSA), which aligns DNA and protein sequences and draw phylogenetic trees in a unified manner. We demonstrated that CAUSA improves both the accuracy of multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees by solving a variety of molecular evolutionary problems in virus, bacteria and mammals. Our results support the hypothesis that the molecular clock for proteins has two pointers existing separately in DNA and protein sequences. It is more accurate to read the molecular clock by combination (additive) of these two pointers, since the ticking rates of them are sometimes consistent, sometimes different. CAUSA software were released as Open Source under GNU/GPL license, and are downloadable free of charge from the website www.dnapluspro.com

Feasibility study on posterior laminar screw fixation techniques in the axis

AbstractObjectiveTo get morphologic parameters of Chinese adults through observation and measurement on axial laminas, to evaluate the feasibility of placing axial laminar screws and to introduce the technique.MethodsRelative parameters of 28 sets of fresh Chinese adults' axial specimens, including distance from the superior and inferior entry points of axial laminar screws to the superior margins of axial laminas, superior, middle, inferior thickness and height of the axial laminas, length and angle of the axial laminar screw trajectories, distance from the entry points of axial laminar screws to the transverse foramen and central points of the inferior articular process, were measured with a digital caliper and a goniometer. Data were statistically analyzed.ResultsAveragely, distance from the superior and inferior entry points of axial laminar screws to the superior margins of axial laminas was 5 mm and 9 mm, superior, middle, inferior thickness and the height of the axial laminas were 3.2 mm, 6.7 mm, 5.5 mm and 12.8 mm respectively, and the length of the superior and inferior axial laminar screw trajectories was 26.2 mm and 25.5 mm, respectively.ConclusionsIt is feasible and reliable to apply posterior laminar screw fixation techniques to the axes of Chinese adults. Also the C2 laminar screw fixation technique can be taken as a supplementary to conventional posterior screw fixations of C2