The Evolution of Real Estate in the Economy

While the economy as a whole has been rapidly changing in response to technological innovation, real estate has evolved from a depository of wealth for households and assets for corporations into a major force in the debt and equity markets. In contrast, the role of real estate as a contributor to the nation\u27s output and income has remained steady at approximately 11% of gross domestic product

Anthropometric Characteristics of Chinese Professional Female Marathoners and Predicted Variables for their Personal Bests

To investigate anthropometric characteristic of Chinese professional female marathoners and suitable predicted variables correlated with their personal bests(PBs). During the process of talent identification for London Olympic game, 96 Chinese female long-distance runners were divided into international(<2 h 34 min), national(2 h 34min~2 h 45min) and average(2 h 45 min~3 h 19 min) levels according to their PBs in marathon. Selected anthropometric variables, including height, body mass, %body fat, girths, breadths, lengths and skin-fold thicknesses were measured. Only iliac crest skin-fold of international athletes were significantly lower than its in national group. Girth of forearm and lower limbs, length of lower limbs, and all skin-fold thicknesses of national athletes were significantly lower than those from average level group. % body fat, girth of forearm and calf, length of lower limbs, and skin-folds at sites of subscapular, abdominal and iliac crest of athletes from average level group were significantly higher than those in international athletes. Positive correlation was found between forearm girth and PBs, and between the subscapular, abdominal, iliac crest and triceps surae skin-folds and PB for total athletes. Negative correlation between biiliac breadth and PB in international athletes, and positive correlations between abdominal and triceps surae skin-folds and PBs in national athletes were found. For average runners, high positive correlation was found between upper arm girth and PBs, and between subscapular, abdominal, iliac crest and triceps surae skin-folds and PBs. The findings suggested that compared to stride length, stride frequency and efficiency were more important factors influencing running performance, which were in accordance with running technique in Chinese female marathoners

PseudoCal: A Source-Free Approach to Unsupervised Uncertainty Calibration in Domain Adaptation

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) has witnessed remarkable advancements in improving the accuracy of models for unlabeled target domains. However, the calibration of predictive uncertainty in the target domain, a crucial aspect of the safe deployment of UDA models, has received limited attention. The conventional in-domain calibration method, \textit{temperature scaling} (TempScal), encounters challenges due to domain distribution shifts and the absence of labeled target domain data. Recent approaches have employed importance-weighting techniques to estimate the target-optimal temperature based on re-weighted labeled source data. Nonetheless, these methods require source data and suffer from unreliable density estimates under severe domain shifts, rendering them unsuitable for source-free UDA settings. To overcome these limitations, we propose PseudoCal, a source-free calibration method that exclusively relies on unlabeled target data. Unlike previous approaches that treat UDA calibration as a \textit{covariate shift} problem, we consider it as an unsupervised calibration problem specific to the target domain. Motivated by the factorization of the negative log-likelihood (NLL) objective in TempScal, we generate a labeled pseudo-target set that captures the structure of the real target. By doing so, we transform the unsupervised calibration problem into a supervised one, enabling us to effectively address it using widely-used in-domain methods like TempScal. Finally, we thoroughly evaluate the calibration performance of PseudoCal by conducting extensive experiments on 10 UDA methods, considering both traditional UDA settings and recent source-free UDA scenarios. The experimental results consistently demonstrate the superior performance of PseudoCal, exhibiting significantly reduced calibration error compared to existing calibration methods