1,948 research outputs found
Tourniquet Use in Total Knee Arthroplasty
The use of an intraoperative tourniquet for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common practice. Although it provides clear filed and ideal cementation during surgery, issues regarding the effectiveness, drawbacks and complications are still investigated. This review was conducted to evaluate the role of tourniquet in TKA through a comprehensive literature search was done in PubMed Medicine, Embase, and other internet database. Debating issues, including the blood loss, operation time, alignment, compromised wound healing, quadriceps weakness and timing of release were furtherly examined. Based on our prior work and the general consensus that the tourniquet should be set with the lowest pressure and for the least ischemic time possible, we recommend early tourniquet release right after the closure of extensor mechanism in the TKAs without drainage
An Exploration of In-Context Learning for Speech Language Model
Ever since the development of GPT-3 in the natural language processing (NLP)
field, in-context learning (ICL) has played an important role in utilizing
large language models (LLMs). By presenting the LM utterance-label
demonstrations at the input, the LM can accomplish few-shot learning without
relying on gradient descent or requiring explicit modification of its
parameters. This enables the LM to learn and adapt in a black-box manner.
Despite the success of ICL in NLP, little work is exploring the possibility of
ICL in speech processing. This study proposes the first exploration of ICL with
a speech LM without text supervision. We first show that the current speech LM
does not have the ICL capability. With the proposed warmup training, the speech
LM can, therefore, perform ICL on unseen tasks. In this work, we verify the
feasibility of ICL for speech LM on speech classification tasks.Comment: The first two authors contributed equall
Contextual Label Projection for Cross-Lingual Structure Extraction
Translating training data into target languages has proven beneficial for
cross-lingual transfer. However, for structure extraction tasks, translating
data requires a label projection step, which translates input text and obtains
translated labels in the translated text jointly. Previous research in label
projection mostly compromises translation quality by either facilitating easy
identification of translated labels from translated text or using word-level
alignment between translation pairs to assemble translated phrase-level labels
from the aligned words. In this paper, we introduce CLAP, which first
translates text to the target language and performs contextual translation on
the labels using the translated text as the context, ensuring better accuracy
for the translated labels. We leverage instruction-tuned language models with
multilingual capabilities as our contextual translator, imposing the constraint
of the presence of translated labels in the translated text via instructions.
We compare CLAP with other label projection techniques for creating
pseudo-training data in target languages on event argument extraction, a
representative structure extraction task. Results show that CLAP improves by
2-2.5 F1-score over other methods on the Chinese and Arabic ACE05 datasets.Comment: Work in Progres
MiniSUPERB: Lightweight Benchmark for Self-supervised Speech Models
Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a popular research topic in speech
processing. Successful SSL speech models must generalize well. SUPERB was
proposed to evaluate the ability of SSL speech models across many speech tasks.
However, due to the diversity of tasks, the evaluation process requires huge
computational costs. We present MiniSUPERB, a lightweight benchmark that
efficiently evaluates SSL speech models with comparable results to SUPERB while
greatly reducing the computational cost. We select representative tasks and
sample datasets and extract model representation offline, achieving 0.954 and
0.982 Spearman's rank correlation with SUPERB Paper and SUPERB Challenge,
respectively. In the meanwhile, the computational cost is reduced by 97% in
regard to MACs (number of Multiply-ACcumulate operations) in the tasks we
choose. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine not
only the computational cost of a model itself but the cost of evaluating it on
a benchmark
Irreducible Elbow Dislocation Associated with Hill–Sachs-like Lesion over the Capitellum
Irreducible dislocation of the elbow is an uncommon event. We present the case of a posterolateral elbow dislocation after a fall injury in a 67-year-old woman. A closed reduction performed in the emergency department was unsuccessful since the limited passive range of motion resulted in difficulty to perform longitudinal traction and flexion. Computed tomography images showed that the posterolateral aspect of the capitellum was impacted by the tip of the coronoid process, thus appearing similar to the Hill–Sachs lesion in the humeral head. Subsequent open reduction of the elbow revealed the dislocation to be irreducible since the tip of the coronoid process had wedged into a triangular Hill–Sachs-like lesion in the capitellum. The joint was reduced by providing distal traction on the forearm, and main fragments were disengaged using digital pressure. At the 3-month follow-up, the patient reported no dislocations, and had an acceptable range of motion. Thus, we propose that to avoid iatrogenic injury to the joint or other nearby structures, irreducible dislocations should not be subjected to repeated manipulation
Towards General-Purpose Text-Instruction-Guided Voice Conversion
This paper introduces a novel voice conversion (VC) model, guided by text
instructions such as "articulate slowly with a deep tone" or "speak in a
cheerful boyish voice". Unlike traditional methods that rely on reference
utterances to determine the attributes of the converted speech, our model adds
versatility and specificity to voice conversion. The proposed VC model is a
neural codec language model which processes a sequence of discrete codes,
resulting in the code sequence of converted speech. It utilizes text
instructions as style prompts to modify the prosody and emotional information
of the given speech. In contrast to previous approaches, which often rely on
employing separate encoders like prosody and content encoders to handle
different aspects of the source speech, our model handles various information
of speech in an end-to-end manner. Experiments have demonstrated the impressive
capabilities of our model in comprehending instructions and delivering
reasonable results.Comment: Accepted to ASRU 202
Outcomes and prognostic factors of simple partial cystectomy for localized bladder urothelial cell carcinoma
AbstractRadical cystectomy has remained the gold standard for recurrent superficial or muscle invasive bladder tumor. However, partial cystectomy still has a role in those who reject or have contraindications for radical cystectomy. In this study, we sought to identify predictors of bladder recurrence and overall survival after simple partial cystectomy. We included 27 patients with bladder tumor who received simple partial cystectomy without pelvic lymph node dissection between March 2000 and September 2013. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy was prescribed according to the pathological results. Parameters were compared on the basis of bladder recurrence and overall survival. During a mean follow-up time of 39 months, five patients (18.5%) experienced bladder recurrence. An older age, a higher pathological stage, positive surgical margins, and distant metastases were significant predictors of overall survival (p = 0.031, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.011, respectively). Meanwhile, previous bladder instillation and positive surgical margins were significant predictors of bladder recurrence (p = 0.026 and p = 0.027, respectively). The rate of consecutive distant metastases (33.3%) was almost twice the rate of bladder recurrence (18.5%), and six patients developed consecutive distant metastases without first experiencing bladder recurrence. In patients who received a simple partial cystectomy as an alternative treatment, previous bladder instillation and positive surgical margins were significant predictors of bladder recurrence. Patients with an older age, positive surgical margins, and consecutive distant metastases had worse overall survival. Partial cystectomy with routine lymph node dissection may be a better option for achieving favorable long-term outcomes
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