Limiting efficiencies of solar energy conversion and photo-detection via internal emission of hot electrons and hot holes in gold

We evaluate the limiting efficiency of full and partial solar spectrum harvesting via the process of internal photoemission in Au-semiconductor Schottky junctions. Our results based on the ab initio calculations of the electron density of states (e-DOS) reveal that the limiting efficiency of the full-spectrum Au converter based on hot electron injection is below 4%. This value is even lower than previously established limit based on the parabolic approximation of the Au electron energy bands. However, we predict limiting efficiency exceeding 10% for the hot holes collection through the Schottky junction between Au and p-type semiconductor. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such converters have more potential if used as a part of the hybrid system for harvesting high- and low-energy photons of the solar spectrum.Comment: Proc. SPIE 9608, Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXIII, 960816 (September 1, 2015) 7 pages, 4 figure

Optimal managerial decision model in a closed-loop supply chain for a retailer to collect used products with different transfer policy

In recent years, the concerns of environmental and resource issues are growing. Due to a great deal of attention for closed-loop supply chains, collection behaviour of used products from public consumers becomes more and more important. This paper proposes an inventory model for retailer with new products and used products and the retailer is the decision maker who follows the rule of Economic Ordering Quantity (EOQ) model. We assumed that the retailer not only sells products but also collects those sold used products. The proposed problem faced by the retailer is formulated as a cost-minimization problem where the replenishment quantity of new products and the return rate of used products are the decision variables and an efficient iterative algorithm is provided to search for the solution. Furthermore, we extend our model to consider the "not lot for lot policy" inventory model for forward channel and reverse channel and determine the optimal management policy. Finally, we discuss the economical decision modelling for a retailer to analyse the willingness of collecting used products

Effects of Chinese Education Style and Self-esteem in Adolescents’ Fashion Innovativeness and Conspicuous Consumption in Young Adults: A longitudinal study in Taiwan

With globalization and economic growth of Asian countries, many Western brands have attempted to better understand Asian consumers, and Chinese consumers in particular. Owing to globalization influence of Western media and economic growth, Chinese societies are in transition from non-consumerism to consumerism societies, where consumers are becoming more innovative and brand conscious than in past decades (Podoshen, Li, & Zhang, 2011)