CHANGES IN SEX LIFE AFTER CHILDBIRTH

Background: Childbirth is major event in the life of closer and extended family. The aim of this study is to explore sex desire after childbirth and challenges for usual rhythm of intercourse. Subjects and methods: We studied 113 women who filled up questionnaire at the follow up examination. Inclusion criteria were: all women were secundigravidae and time between pregnancies was more than a year. Women anonymously filled out a survey with question on the time before first intercourse after delivery, frequency of sexual intercourse after delivery, sexual desire after delivery, sexual desire of partner after delivery, reasons for postponing sexual intercourse after delivery and frequency of intercourse in the first year after delivery. Results: Most women had same number of intercourse after delivery like before pregnancy (Hi-square test: Ȥ2(2)=22.04, p<0.0001). Significant proportion of women find their partners sexual desire to be the same like in the pre-pregnancy period (H i- square test: Ȥ2(2)=64.64, p<0.0001). Most women had intercourse once a week (several times a month) during first year after delivery (Hi-square test: Ȥ2(3)=91.93, p<0.001). Fatigue, sleep deprivation, bad mood and lack of time are the most common reasons for intercourse postponement. Most women find life conditions to be very good. They do not find that they neglect their children and partners find them attractive. Conclusion: Sex life after delivery is still taboo in most countries. Women should have the information that sex life after delivery will turn to normal after a certain time

ISOSORBIDE-5-MONONITRATE INDUCED PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN RATS AND TRETMENT WITH STABLE GASTRIC PENTADECAPEPTIDE BPC 157

Introduction: Although the understanding of migraine pathophysiology is incomplete, it is now well accepted that this neurovascular syndrome is mainly due to cranial vasodilation. Several experimental migraine models have been developed, including the use of a nitric oxide (NO) donor, such as isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN). Nitric oxide regulates cerebral and extracerebral cranial blood flow and arterial diameters. We observed the therapeutic effects of stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on peripheral and central vascular dysfunction caused by IS-5- MN administration

Hepatoprotective effects of BPC-157 - paracetamol overdose

Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is a widely used medication to treat pain and fever. As it’s one of the over-the-counter medications, it’s easily accessible to everyone. Its mechanism of action is the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS to reduce hyperalgesia. It also influences the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus and lowers fever. 90-95% of paracetamol is metabolized in the liver where it’s conjugated with glucuronic acid and sulfates into inactive metabolites, and the rest via cytochrome-p450. Its main side effect is hepatotoxicity and acute liver injury. Here we investigate the hepatoprotective effects of BPC-157 while administering a toxic dose of paracetamol intraperitoneally in rats

Molecular effects of stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing, immune-mediated skin disease. Etiopathogeniesis of psoriasis includes pro-inflammatory cytokines such as: TNF-alpha, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23 etc. IL-17 exerts its effect by binding to IL-17R (Interleukin-17 receptor) on keratinocytes. Keratinocytes then in response produce β2-defensin. β-defensins have multiple antimicrobial and pro-inflammatory effects that are observed in psoriasis. Since stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 has shown anti-inflammatory effects in several studies, in this research we explored antiinflammatory effects of BPC 157 on molecular level in psoriasis

Male to female birth ratios over a 35-year period

Aim Along with changes to the human physique recorded over the past decades in certain countries, there are also changes concerning the male-female birth ratio. The aim of this study was to establish the movement of male-female birth ratios and factors affecting the ratio. Methods This retrospective study was conducted in Zagreb, Croatia, in the period from 1985 to 2019 on a sample of 3804 newborns. Results In the 35-year period the ratio of boys and girls at birth did not change significantly. Girls had lower birth weight, and boys had higher birth length. In the war period (1992-1994), a mild increase in the ratio of boys was noted, but not statistically significant. Father’s age in the last period examined (2007-2009) showed to be a statistically significant predictor of the child’s gender. Namely, the descendants of younger fathers were statistically significantly more frequently girls, while the descendants of older fathers were more frequently boys. Married mothers had higher percentage of male births (51.5%), and a lower percentage (47.1%) by unmarried mothers. Conclusion The changes in birth ratios are particularly pronounced in different age and socioeconomic groups of parents nowadays when the growth of living standards is accompanied by significant changes of the human physique

Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Counteracts Hypertension and Compromised Optic Disc Circulation and Following Atrophy in Rats Subjected to High Fructose Diet

INTRODUCTION We sought to determine whether stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in rats subjected to a high fructose diet counteracts hypertension and compromised optic disc circulation and following atrophy. METHODS: Rats were put on a high fructose (80%) diet during a 1 month period. The treated group received BPC 157 in drinking water (10 ng/kg/rat/day). Their blood pressure was regularly measured, and they were subjected to ocular fundus examination. RESULTS At the end of the 1 month period, in control rats, with a mean blood pressure of 146 mmHg, we observed a pale optic disc with well-defined outer borders. In addition, the excavation noticed suggests compromised optic disc circulation and atrophy. Very thin arteries and thick hyperemic veins appeared, resulting in an arterial/vein diameter ratio of about 1/4. An abnormal red reflex and reduced brightness from the choroid suggests a decreased blood flow and choroidal blood filling. Contrarily, in the treated group of rats, who presented with a mean blood pressure of about 132 mmHg, all these changes were significantly attenuated. The optic disc appeared more vivid and healthier with less compromised circulation, and the arterial/vein diameter ratio was about 3/4. The choroid in rats drinking BPC 157 was brighter and with a more pronounced shade of red. CONCLUSION BPC 157 may be considered for treating hypertension, particularly when vascular obstruction is present

Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Counteracts Hypertension and Compromised Optic Disc Circulation and Following Atrophy in Rats Subjected to High Fructose Diet

INTRODUCTION We sought to determine whether stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in rats subjected to a high fructose diet counteracts hypertension and compromised optic disc circulation and following atrophy. METHODS: Rats were put on a high fructose (80%) diet during a 1 month period. The treated group received BPC 157 in drinking water (10 ng/kg/rat/day). Their blood pressure was regularly measured, and they were subjected to ocular fundus examination. RESULTS At the end of the 1 month period, in control rats, with a mean blood pressure of 146 mmHg, we observed a pale optic disc with well-defined outer borders. In addition, the excavation noticed suggests compromised optic disc circulation and atrophy. Very thin arteries and thick hyperemic veins appeared, resulting in an arterial/vein diameter ratio of about 1/4. An abnormal red reflex and reduced brightness from the choroid suggests a decreased blood flow and choroidal blood filling. Contrarily, in the treated group of rats, who presented with a mean blood pressure of about 132 mmHg, all these changes were significantly attenuated. The optic disc appeared more vivid and healthier with less compromised circulation, and the arterial/vein diameter ratio was about 3/4. The choroid in rats drinking BPC 157 was brighter and with a more pronounced shade of red. CONCLUSION BPC 157 may be considered for treating hypertension, particularly when vascular obstruction is present

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in Rats with Episcleral Veins Cauterization, Glaucoma Model, Preserved Retinal and Optic Nerve Integrity

BPC 157 (LD1 not achieved) was implemented as an anti-ulcer peptide in IBD trials and now in a multiple sclerosis trial. BPC 157 maintained corneal transparency, total debridement of corneal epithelium cured with no corneal neovascularization, perforating corneal incisions in rats successfully closed and no new vessels, providing a particular healing and vascular effect. We wanted to explore effect of BPC 157 in rats with glaucoma, induced by episcleral veins cauterization. Randomly assigned operated male Wistar rats, 250g (two dorsal episcleral veins and one temporal episcleral vein isolated from the surrounding tissues; a cautery specifically applied to the selected vein), were further studied. Medication (pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (10μg/kg) (Diagen, Slovenia) intraperitoneally) or an equivolume of 0.9%NaCl (5ml/kg) intraperitoneally (controls)) was applied immediately after surgery, and then once time daily. Histopathological retinal and optic nerve samples were obtained after sacrifice at 24h, 4 and 6-weeks interval. At 24h, 4 and 6 weeks after surgery controls exhibited ganglion cell layer and optic nerve thinning. All BPC 157 rats exhibited only slight or none ganglion cell layer or optic nerve thinning. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 continuously counteracts the effects of episcleral veins cauterization on morphological changes of ganglion cell layer and optic nerve

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in Rats with Episcleral Veins Cauterization, Glaucoma Model, Preserved Retinal and Optic Nerve Integrity

BPC 157 (LD1 not achieved) was implemented as an anti-ulcer peptide in IBD trials and now in a multiple sclerosis trial. BPC 157 maintained corneal transparency, total debridement of corneal epithelium cured with no corneal neovascularization, perforating corneal incisions in rats successfully closed and no new vessels, providing a particular healing and vascular effect. We wanted to explore effect of BPC 157 in rats with glaucoma, induced by episcleral veins cauterization. Randomly assigned operated male Wistar rats, 250g (two dorsal episcleral veins and one temporal episcleral vein isolated from the surrounding tissues; a cautery specifically applied to the selected vein), were further studied. Medication (pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (10μg/kg) (Diagen, Slovenia) intraperitoneally) or an equivolume of 0.9%NaCl (5ml/kg) intraperitoneally (controls)) was applied immediately after surgery, and then once time daily. Histopathological retinal and optic nerve samples were obtained after sacrifice at 24h, 4 and 6-weeks interval. At 24h, 4 and 6 weeks after surgery controls exhibited ganglion cell layer and optic nerve thinning. All BPC 157 rats exhibited only slight or none ganglion cell layer or optic nerve thinning. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 continuously counteracts the effects of episcleral veins cauterization on morphological changes of ganglion cell layer and optic nerve

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in Rats with Episcleral Veins Cauterization, Glaucoma Model, Preserved Retinal and Optic Nerve Integrity

BPC 157 (LD1 not achieved) was implemented as an anti-ulcer peptide in IBD trials and now in a multiple sclerosis trial. BPC 157 maintained corneal transparency, total debridement of corneal epithelium cured with no corneal neovascularization, perforating corneal incisions in rats successfully closed and no new vessels, providing a particular healing and vascular effect. We wanted to explore effect of BPC 157 in rats with glaucoma, induced by episcleral veins cauterization. Randomly assigned operated male Wistar rats, 250g (two dorsal episcleral veins and one temporal episcleral vein isolated from the surrounding tissues; a cautery specifically applied to the selected vein), were further studied. Medication (pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (10μg/kg) (Diagen, Slovenia) intraperitoneally) or an equivolume of 0.9%NaCl (5ml/kg) intraperitoneally (controls)) was applied immediately after surgery, and then once time daily. Histopathological retinal and optic nerve samples were obtained after sacrifice at 24h, 4 and 6-weeks interval. At 24h, 4 and 6 weeks after surgery controls exhibited ganglion cell layer and optic nerve thinning. All BPC 157 rats exhibited only slight or none ganglion cell layer or optic nerve thinning. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 continuously counteracts the effects of episcleral veins cauterization on morphological changes of ganglion cell layer and optic nerve