TGF-beta i nastanak karcinoma prostate

All transforming growth factors beta (TGFß) are cytokines that regulate several cellular functions such as cell growth, differentiation and motility. They may also have a role in immunosuppression. Their role is important for normal prostate development. TGFß is active in the regulation of balance between epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis through stromal epithelia via the androgen receptor action. TGFß protects and maintains prostate stem cells, an important population necessary for prostate tissue regeneration. However, TGFß is shown to have a contrasting role in prostate tumor genesis. In the early stages of tumor development, TGFß acts as a tumor suppressor, whereas in the later stages, TGFß becomes a tumor promoter by inducing proliferation, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we outline complex interactions that TGFß-mediated signaling has on prostate tumor genesis, focusing on the role of these interactions during the course of prostate cancer and, in particular, during disease progression.Svi transformacijski faktori rasta beta (TGFß) su citokini koji reguliraju nekoliko staničnih funkcija kao što su rast, diferencijacija i pokretljivost stanice. Oni također imaju značajnu ulogu u imunosupresiji. Njihova je uloga osobito značajna za normalan razvoj prostate. TGFß je aktivan u regulaciji ravnoteže između proliferacije epitelnih stanica i apoptoze kroz stromalni epitel preko djelovanja androgenog receptora. TGFß štiti i održava matične stanice prostate, značajan čimbenik za regeneraciju tkiva prostate. Do danas publicirani rezultati iznalaze da TGFß ima suprotnu ulogu u nastanku tumora prostate. U ranim fazama razvoja tumora TGFß djeluje kao supresor tumora, dok u kasnijim fazama TGFß postaje tumorski promotor inducirajući proliferaciju, invazivni rast i razvoj metastaza. U ovom preglednom članku opisuju se složene interakcije koje TGFß-posredovani mehanizmi imaju na nastanak tumora prostate, s osobitim naglaskom na mehanizme djelovanja tijekom nastanka karcinoma prostate i naročito tijekom progresije osnovne bolesti