Futter- und Körnerleguminosen im Biologischen Landbau

Ein Praxisbuch für alle, die im Biologischen Landbau tätig sind! + Alle Anbauverfahren der wichtigsten Futter- und Körnerleguminosen im Haupt- und Zwischenfruchtanbau + Wissen aus Praxis und Forschung in übersichtlicher Form mittels Tabellen, Graphiken und Bildern Das breite Standortspektrum, welches für die einzelnen Kulturen angesprochen wird, sowie unterschiedliche betriebliche Situationen erlauben eine auf den jeweils eigenen Betrieb angepasste Strategie für den Anbau. Jede Pflanze mit systematischer Übersicht über: Systematik, Herkunft und Bedeutung, Sorten, Erträge, Inhaltsstoffe, Boden, Klima, Vegetationsperiode, Anbausysteme, Bodenbearbeitung und Saatbettbereitung, Saattechnik, Nährstoffhaushalt, Beikrautaufkommen und Beikrautregulierung, Krankheiten und Schädlinge sowie deren Regulierung, Ernte und Lagerung sowie Verwendung

Bewirtschaftungsfreie Zeitfenster für den Naturschutz - Auswirkung auf die N2-Fixierleistung von Luzernebeständen

We studied the effect of a mulching regime optimised with respect to nature conserva-tion on yield and nitrogen fixation rate of Lucerne. The first harvest was two weeks earlier and the second harvest was two weeks later than usual. At the first harvest in 2004, the shoot yield from the nature conservation variant was significantly lower than the yield from the usual treatment. At the second harvest date in 2004, there where no differences. The total nitrogen fixation in 2004 did not differ between the treatments. In 2005, both shoot yield and total nitrogen fixation showed no differences between the two variants as well. From this study it can be concluded that a displacement of mulching dates of Lucerne in most cases will have no significant effect on the total nitrogen fixation and percentage of N derived from the air. A negative effect, like at the first harvest in 2004, is only to be expected if weather conditions are moist until the first harvest and extremely dry further on until the second harvest. The results were used in recommendations for the agricultural practice to diminish the mortality rate of wild game and were regarded in the agricultural legislation in Austria

Nachhaltige Fruchtfolgesysteme für den biologischen Energiepflanzenanbau in Österreich

Biogas production is a key technology for sustainable use of biomass from agricultural production. An optimisation of biogas production from energy crops should not confine to the consideration of the biogas process. To assure a durable success, cropping of energy plants has to be designed according to the principles of sustainable crop rota-tions. Only in site-adapted and ecologically balanced crop rotation systems, energy crop production is meaningful. The general aim of this study was to develope site-adapted crop rotation systems including energy crops as main and catch crops. Study regions were chosen to represent large regions of Austria. To include a great share of the crop species relevant for Austria, sites from the dry region (NUTS III region „Weinviertel”), the transition zone (NUTS III region „Mostviertel-Eisenwurzen, Northern part“) and the Northern Alps (NUTS III region „Mostviertel-Eisenwurzen, Southern part) were chosen. Altogether, three different categories of model crop rotations were designed: 1. Typical regional model crop rotations 2. Crop rotations for energy crop production (I) with the aim of optimising methane hectare yields considering ethical and economic guidelines 3. Crop rotations for energy crop production (II) with the aim of maximal methane hectare yields The methane hectare yields in organic crop rotations I amounted to around 830 to 1700 Nm3 ha-1 a-1. Crop rotations II yielded around 2430 to 3650 Nm3 ha-1 a-1. Highest values were achieved on farms with a great share of energetically used fodder crops

Mycorrhization of winter wheat cultivars in organic farming

The root length density, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation and the total AM root length density of 12 winter wheat cultivars have been studied at seven sites in eastern Austria under organic farming. Root length density did not differ between the cultivars whereas AM colonisation and total AM root density did. Site effects were more pronounced than cultivar effects. All three traits generally were on a higher level in calcaric Phaeozems than in Cambisols. The AM colonisation and total AM root density decreased with increasing plant height and were positively correlated with crop yield. On calcaric Phaeozems, root length density in the subsoil was obviously more important for drought tolerance than AM colonisation in the topsoil

Molecular systematics of tamarins with emphasis on genus Tamarinus (Primates, Callitrichidae)

The genus Saguinus comprises three principal clades that diverged in the Middle to Late Miocene. Their taxa are ecologically differentiated and allopatrically distributed. These clades were recently recognized as different genera, Saguinus, Tamarinus and Oedipomidas. In Tamarinus, the phylogenetic relationships among species/subspecies are poorly understood. Thus, in this study we present a comprehensive dated genomic phylogeny based on double digest restriction associated DNA for all known species and subspecies of Tamarinus. We also tested whether that Tamarinus imperator and Tamarinus subgrisescens are different species, as morphology-based taxonomy, phenotypical divergences and mitochondrial genes recognized them as two different species. Additionally, we reconstructed time-calibrated phylogenetics tree hypotheses of all extant species and subspecies of the genera Saguinus, Tamarinus and Oedipomidas. Our analysis robustly supported the phylogenetic hypothesis of all species/subspecies of the genus Tamarinus; strongly supported a divergence between the three clades, Saguinus, Oedipomidas and Tamarinus; and provided support for T. imperator and T. subgrisescens as distinct species. Therefore, we reiterate and ratify the division of Saguinus into three genera, supporting the taxonomic proposal for these genera