Label Dependent Evolutionary Feature Weighting for Remote Sensing Data

Nearest neighbour (NN) is a very common classifier used to develop important remote sensing products like land use and land cover (LULC) maps. Evolutive computation has often been used to obtain feature weighting in order to improve the results of the NN. In this paper, a new algorithm based on evolutionary computation which has been called Label Dependent Feature Weighting (LDFW) is proposed. The LDFW method transforms the feature space assigning different weights to every feature depending on each class. This multilevel feature weighting algorithm is tested on remote sensing data from fusion of sensors (LIDAR and orthophotography). The results show an improvement on the NN and resemble the results obtained with a neural network which is the best classifier for the study area

Injection site vaccinology of a recombinant vaccinia-based vector reveals diverse innate immune signatures

Poxvirus systems have been extensively used as vaccine vectors. Herein a RNA-Seq analysis of intramuscular injection sites provided detailed insights into host innate immune responses, as well as expression of vector and recombinant immunogen genes, after vaccination with a new multiplication defective, vaccinia-based vector, Sementis Copenhagen Vector. Chikungunya and Zika virus immunogen mRNA and protein expression was associated with necrosing skeletal muscle cells surrounded by mixed cellular infiltrates. The multiple adjuvant signatures at 12 hours post-vaccination were dominated by TLR3, 4 and 9, STING, MAVS, PKR and the inflammasome. Th1 cytokine signatures were dominated by IFNγ, TNF and IL1β, and chemokine signatures by CCL5 and CXCL12. Multiple signatures associated with dendritic cell stimulation were evident. By day seven, vaccine transcripts were absent, and cell death, neutrophil, macrophage and inflammation annotations had abated. No compelling arthritis signatures were identified. Such injection site vaccinology approaches should inform refinements in poxvirus-based vector design.Jessamine E. Hazlewood, Troy Dumenil, Thuy T. Le, Andrii Slonchak, Stephen H. Kazakoff, Ann-Marie Patch ... et al

The cloning of microsporogenesis and meiosis specific sequences from the meiocyte, microspore and pollen cells of Lilium henryii

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX175155 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

The vaccinia virus based Sementis Copenhagen Vector vaccine against Zika and chikungunya is immunogenic in non-human primates

The Sementis Copenhagen Vector (SCV) is a new vaccinia virus-derived, multiplication-defective, vaccine technology assessed herein in non-human primates. Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were vaccinated with a multi-pathogen recombinant SCV vaccine encoding the structural polyproteins of both Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). After one vaccination, neutralising antibody responses to ZIKV and four strains of CHIKV, representative of distinct viral genotypes, were generated. A second vaccination resulted in significant boosting of neutralising antibody responses to ZIKV and CHIKV. Following challenge with ZIKV, SCV-ZIKA/CHIK-vaccinated animals showed significant reductions in viremias compared with animals that had received a control SCV vaccine. Two SCV vaccinations also generated neutralising and IgG ELISA antibody responses to vaccinia virus. These results demonstrate effective induction of immunity in non-human primates by a recombinant SCV vaccine and illustrates the utility of SCV as a multi-disease vaccine platform capable of delivering multiple large immunogens.Natalie A. Prow, Liang Liu, Mary K. McCarthy, Kevin Walters, Raj Kalkeri, Jillian Geiger, Fusataka Koide, Tamara H. Cooper, Preethi Eldi, Eri Nakayama, Kerrilyn R. Diener, Paul M. Howley, John D. Hayball, Thomas E. Morrison, and Andreas Suhrbi

Arthritogenic alphavirus vaccines: serogrouping versus cross-protection in mouse models

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Ross River virus (RRV), o’nyong nyong virus (ONNV), Mayaro virus (MAYV) and Getah virus (GETV) represent arthritogenic alphaviruses belonging to the Semliki Forest virus antigenic complex. Antibodies raised against one of these viruses can cross-react with other serogroup members, suggesting that, for instance, a CHIKV vaccine (deemed commercially viable) might provide cross-protection against antigenically related alphaviruses. Herein we use human alphavirus isolates (including a new human RRV isolate) and wild-type mice to explore whether infection with one virus leads to cross-protection against viremia after challenge with other members of the antigenic complex. Persistently infected Rag1(-/-) mice were also used to assess the cross-protective capacity of convalescent CHIKV serum. We also assessed the ability of a recombinant poxvirus-based CHIKV vaccine and a commercially available formalin-fixed, whole-virus GETV vaccine to induce cross-protective responses. Although cross-protection and/or cross-reactivity were clearly evident, they were not universal and were often suboptimal. Even for the more closely related viruses (e.g., CHIKV and ONNV, or RRV and GETV), vaccine-mediated neutralization and/or protection against the intended homologous target was significantly more effective than cross-neutralization and/or cross-protection against the heterologous virus. Effective vaccine-mediated cross-protection would thus likely require a higher dose and/or more vaccinations, which is likely to be unattractive to regulators and vaccine manufacturers.Wilson Nguyen, Eri Nakayama, Kexin Yan, Bing Tang, Thuy T. Le, Liang Liu, Tamara H. Cooper, John D. Hayball, Helen M. Faddy, David Warrilow, Richard J. N. Allcock, Jody Hobson-Peters, Roy A. Hall, Daniel J. Rawle, Viviana P. Lutzky, Paul Young, Nidia M. Oliveira, Gunter Hartel, Paul M. Howley, Natalie A. Prow, and Andreas Suhrbie