Local governance in the new Police Scotland:Renegotiating power, recognition and responsiveness

A marked, but by no means universal, trend in Europe over the last decade or so has been the centralization or amalgamation of regional police organizations into larger or single units. Scotland is a case in point, its eight regional services becoming one Police Scotland in April 2013. Although the reform process was relatively consensual, the new organization has been the subject of numerous controversies, some of which reflect an actual or perceived loss of the local in Scottish policing. Drawing on a qualitative study of the emerging local governance arrangements, we explore the negotiated character of large-scale organizational reform, demonstrating that it is best understood as a process not an event. We also argue that appeals to localism are not mere expressions of sentiment and resistance to change. They reflect the particular historical development of policing and public service delivery in Scotland at the level of municipal government, but also strong convictions that policing should be subject to democratic deliberation and should recognize and be responsive to those subject to it – what we argue here are necessary functions of police governance in general

SLAUGOS STUDIJŲ STUDENTŲ PASIRYŽIMAS SLAUGYTI UŽSIKRĖTUSIUS ŽMOGAUS IMUNODEFICITO VIRUSU IR/AR SERGANČIUS ĮGYTU IMUNODEFICITO SINDROMU

Slaugytojai vis dažniau susiduria su ŽIV užsikrėtusiais ir/ar AIDS sergančiais pacientais, todėl svarbu analizuoti ir slaugos studijų studentų, kaip būsimųjų slaugytojų, nuomonę, kaip turima informacija ŽIV ir/ar AIDS klausimais sąlygoja jų baimes, elgseną, požiūrį bei pasiryžimą slaugyti. Tyrimo tikslas - išanalizuoti slaugos studijų studentų pasiryžimą slaugyti užsikrėtusius ŽIV ir/ar sergančius AIDS pacientus. Tyrimo metodika. Atliktas kiekybinis tyrimas, naudojant standartizuotą klausimyną. Tyrimo imtį sudarė 2014 lapkričio mėn. – 2015 m. sausio mėn. apklausti 113 pirmo - ketvirto kurso slaugos studijų studentai. Rezultatų analizei naudotas statistinis „SPSS 17 for Windows“ paketas. Tyrimas atliktas laikantis etikos principų. Tyrimo rezultatai. Išanalizavus respondentų pasiryžimą slaugyti užsikrėtusius ŽIV ir/ar sergančius AIDS pacientus nustatyta, kad daugiau nei pusė respondentų būtų pasiryžę padėti užsikrėtusiems ŽIV ir/ar sergantiems AIDS pacientams, padėtų pagimdyti moteriai infekuotai ŽIV ir/ar sergančiai AIDS. Tačiau tik 23 proc. respondentų būtų pasiryžę rūpintis šiais pacientais, jei ateityje būtų išsiaiškinta, jog ŽIV ir/ ar AIDS galima užsikrėsti ir tais būdais, kurie dabar įvardijami kaip saugūs. Išvada. Pasiryžimą slaugyti slopina neigiamas požiūris į šiuos pacientus socialiniais aspektais. Raktažodžiai: ŽIV/AIDS, slaugos studijų studentai, pasiryžimas slaugyti.Nursing staff more and more often face patients infected with HIV and/or having AIDS, therefore it is important to analyse the opinion of the future nursing staff –nursing students, on how the knowledge they have of HIV and/or AIDS conditions their fears, behaviour, attitude and the determination to take care. Objective of the research - to analyse nursing students determination to take care for patients infected with HIV and/or having AIDS. Research methodology. Quantitative research, using standartised questionnaire, has been carried out. Scope of the research - 113 first - fourthyear nursing students, questioned during the period of November 2014 – January 2015. Statistical package “SPSS 17 for Windows” has been used to analyse the results obtained. Research has been carried out following the principles of ethics. Results of the research. Analysis of the determination to take care for patients infected with HIV and/or having AIDS of the respondents has lead to a conclusion, that more than half of the respondents would be willing to take care for a patient infected with HIV and/or having AIDS, or help in the delivery for a woman who has been infected with HIV and/or having AIDS. However, only 23% of the respondents would be willing to take care for those patients, if in the future it would be discovered that the ways which are today identified as safe, in fact also hold the possibility to be infected with HIV and/or AIDS. Conclusion. Determination to care for those patients suffers from socially negative attitude towards patients infected with HIV and/or having AIDS. Key words: HIV/AIDS, nursing students, determination to take care