118 research outputs found

    Partial “targeted” embolisation of brain arteriovenous malformations

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    The treatment of pial arteriovenous brain malformations is controversial. Little is yet known about their natural history, their pathomechanisms and the efficacy and risks of respective proposed treatments. It is known that only complete occlusion of the AVM can exclude future risk of haemorrhage and that the rates of curative embolisation of AVMs with an acceptable periprocedural risk are around 20 to 50%. As outlined in the present article, however, partial, targeted embolisation also plays a role. In acutely ruptured AVMs where the source of bleeding can be identified, targeted embolisation of this compartment may be able to secure the AVM prior to definitive treatment. In unruptured symptomatic AVMs targeted treatment may be employed if a defined pathomechanism can be identified that is related to the clinical symptoms and that can be cured with an acceptable risk via an endovascular approach depending on the individual AVM angioarchitecture. This review article gives examples of pathomechanisms and angioarchitectures that are amenable to this kind of treatment strategy

    Microsurgery can cure most intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae of the sinus and non-sinus type

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    There is consensus that intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVF) with direct (non-sinus-type) or indirect (sinus-type) retrograde filling of a leptomeningeal vein should be treated due to the high risk of neurological deficits and hemorrhage. No consensus exists on treatment modality (surgery and/or embolization) and, if surgery is performed, on the best surgical strategy. This series aims to evaluate the role of surgery in the management of aggressive dAVFs. Forty-two patients underwent surgery. Opening and packing the sinus with thrombogenic material was performed in 9 of the 12 sinus-type dAVFs. In two sinus-type fistulae of the cavernous sinus and 1 of the torcular, microsurgery was used as prerequisite for subsequent embolization by providing access to the sinus. In the 30 non-sinus-type dAVFs, surgery consisted of interruption of the draining vein at the intradural entry point. In 41 patients undergoing 43 operations, elimination of the dAVF was achieved (97.6%). In one case, a minimal venous drainage persisted after surgery. The transient surgical morbidity was 11.9% (n = 5) and the permanent surgical morbidity 7.1% (n = 3). Our surgical strategy was to focus on the arterialized leptomeningeal vein in the non-sinus-type and on the arterialized sinus segment in the sinus-type dAVFs allowing us to obliterate all but one dAVF with a low morbidity rate. We therefore propose that microsurgery should be considered early in the treatment of both types of aggressive dAVFs. In selected cases of cavernous sinus dAVFs, the role of microsurgery is reduced to that of an adjunct to endovascular therapy

    Analyse rotationnelle des systÚmes A et B de la molécule CuBi

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    L'analyse rotationnelle du spectre de la molĂ©cule CuBi, obtenu par excitation thermique, est dĂ©licate ; par suite du grand moment d'inertie de la molĂ©cule, seules les raies situĂ©es loin de la tĂȘte sont rĂ©solues. L'Ă©tude de la superposition de diffĂ©rentes branches isotopiques permet toutefois de dĂ©terminer exactement la valeur de J pour chacune de ces raies et d'en dĂ©duire une valeur trĂšs prĂ©cise des constantes de rotation. L'observation de retournements du dĂ©gradĂ© de certaines bandes nous permet de plus de calculer l'influence de l'interaction vibration-rotation dans le systĂšme A-X. Nous pouvons alors expliquer les anomalies du tableau de Deslandres construit Ă  partir des tĂȘtes de bandes : elles sont dues Ă  la variation de la diffĂ©rence de frĂ©quence tĂȘte-origine. L'analyse d'un second systĂšme met en Ă©vidence un nouvel Ă©tat (B) de la molĂ©cule

    Analyse rotationnelle des systÚmes A et B de la molécule CuBi

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    The rotational analysis of the spectra of the CuBi molecule, obtained by thermal excitation is not easy because only the parts of the bands far from the head are resolved, as a consequence of a high moment of inertia. However, the study of the overlapping of the various isotopic branches allows one to obtain the exact J-numbering of the lines and to give accurate values of the rotational constants. The influence of the vibration-rotation interaction in the A-X system is deduced from the observation of reversals of shading in certain bands. This leads to explain deviations observed in the Deslandres table built with wave numbers of heads as due to the variation of the difference of frequencies between heads and origins. Finally, we report the analysis of a second transition between a new state labelled B and the ground state.L'analyse rotationnelle du spectre de la molĂ©cule CuBi, obtenu par excitation thermique, est dĂ©licate ; par suite du grand moment d'inertie de la molĂ©cule, seules les raies situĂ©es loin de la tĂȘte sont rĂ©solues. L'Ă©tude de la superposition de diffĂ©rentes branches isotopiques permet toutefois de dĂ©terminer exactement la valeur de J pour chacune de ces raies et d'en dĂ©duire une valeur trĂšs prĂ©cise des constantes de rotation. L'observation de retournements du dĂ©gradĂ© de certaines bandes nous permet de plus de calculer l'influence de l'interaction vibration-rotation dans le systĂšme A-X. Nous pouvons alors expliquer les anomalies du tableau de Deslandres construit Ă  partir des tĂȘtes de bandes : elles sont dues Ă  la variation de la diffĂ©rence de frĂ©quence tĂȘte-origine. L'analyse d'un second systĂšme met en Ă©vidence un nouvel Ă©tat (B) de la molĂ©cule

    Utilisation de l'effet isotopique pour la détermination de la structure de rotation d'une bande incomplÚtement résolue (bande 0-0 du systÚme visible de AuGa)

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    In the electronic spectra of diatomic molĂ©cules with a high reduced mass, the rotational structure is generaly unresolved in the neighbourhood of the heads. The study of such band is all the more difficult as there exist different isotopes, even if studied far from the origin. In some cases however — for the molecule AuGa for instance — the observation of coĂŻncidences between the lines of rotation of the two isotopes enables us to determine the real value of J which corresponds to these lines and then an extremely accurate value of the rotational constants. Moreover, in the case of that molecule, the centrifugal distorsion is sufficiently important to cause reversals of shading in a few bands of the sequence ΔΜ = + 1. The numerical study of this phenomenon enables us to calculate the rotational constants for all the bands of the system.Dans les spectres Ă©lectroniques des molĂ©cules diatomiques de masse rĂ©duite Ă©levĂ©e, la structure de rotation est si serrĂ©e, qu'il n'est pas question de la rĂ©soudre au voisinage des tĂȘtes. L'existence d'isotopes diffĂ©rents rend l'Ă©tude de telles bandes plus difficile encore, mĂȘme lorsqu'on s'Ă©loigne beaucoup de l'origine. Cependant, dans certains cas, par exemple pour la molĂ©cule AuGa, l'observation des zones de coĂŻncidences entre les raies de rotation des deux isotopes permet de dĂ©terminer la valeur exacte de J correspondant Ă  ces raies, et par suite une valeur extrĂȘmement prĂ©cise des constantes de rotation. D'autre part, dans le cas particulier de cette molĂ©cule, la distorsion centrifuge est assez importante pour provoquer des rebroussements de dĂ©gradĂ© dans quelques bandes de la sĂ©quence Δ Îœ = + 1. L'Ă©tude numĂ©rique de ce phĂ©nomĂšne permet de calculer les constantes de rotation pour toutes les bandes du systĂšme

    Étude des bandes d'absorption infrarouges v0-3, v0-4, v0-5 de l'acide bromhydrique gazeux à l'aide d'un spectromùtre SISAM

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    The v0-3, v0-4 and v0-5 bands of H 79Br and H 81Br were studied with a SISAM spectrometer having a theoretical resolving power of 30 mK. The wave number measurements of the vibration-rotation lines in the v 0-3, v0-4 and v0-5 bands have been obtained with a precision of 20 mK, and have allowed the determination of the molecular vibrational and rotational constants of each isotopic molecule.Les bandes d'absorption v0-3, v0-4 et v0-5 des molécules isotopiques H 79Br et H 81Br ont été analysées avec un spectromÚtre SISAM dont la résolution théorique est de l'ordre de 30 mK. Les mesures des nombres d'ondes des raies, effectuées avec une précision de 20 mK, ont permis de préciser la valeur des constantes de vibration et de rotation de chacune des molécules isotopiques
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