Dynamique d'acteurs ( agriculteurs et institutions) et innovation agro-écologique pour la gestion des risques environnementaux en Guadeloupe

Dans le contexte de crise économique et environnementale qui touche la filière banane à la Guadeloupe, l'objectif de cette contribution est d'engager une réflexion sur l'organisation d'acteurs à l'origine des innovations agro-écologiques. Nous interrogeons les dynamiques d'acteurs face aux crises et perturbations qui touchent l'agriculture antillaise, par le biais de l'organisation qu'ils mettent en place pour accompagner le changement. Des entretiens menés d'une part auprès d'un groupe de planteurs de bananes, d'autre part auprès des institutions en charge de la question environnementale sur l'île, ont permis de faire émerger trois principales conclusions sur la nature des innovations mises en oeuvre face aux crises environnementale et économique, leur échelle d'application et les forces motrices qui les sous-tendent : du point de vue technique, la mise en oeuvre de nouvelles pratiques indépendamment des échanges entre agriculteurs ; du point de vue stratégique, des changements d'orientation productive en liaison avec une forte dynamique d'échanges ; au niveau des institutions, de nouveaux lieux de dialogue. D'une manière générale, il apparaît qu'il y a un décalage dans la dynamique de concertation selon les niveaux d'organisation (agriculteurs vs institutions) et le lien entre ces deux niveaux d'organisation semble peu existant. / The aim of our research is to urge a reflexion on the agro-ecological innovations to manage the environmental risks. We analyse the organization that the stakeholders (farmers and institutions) set up facing the crises and disturbances which touch the agriculture of French West Indies. To do this, we enquired a group of farmers of banana production in Guadeloupe, and also the agricultural and environmental institutions of this island. This made it possible to identify three principal conclusions on the nature of the innovations, their scale of application and the driving forces which underlie them: from a technical point of view, new practices are implemented independently of the exchanges between farmers; from a strategic point of view, changes of production are made, depending on exchanges dynamic; on the level of the institutions, new places of dialogue are created. In conclusion, there is a shift in the dynamics of dialogue according to the levels of organization (farmers versus institutions) and the bond between these two levels of organization seems to be very thin.FILIERE;BANANE;INNOVATION;AGRICULTEUR;INSTITUTION;GUADELOUPE;RESEAU DE DIALOGUE ENTRE AGRICULTEURS;INNOVATION AGRO-ECOLOGIQUE

Parent Artery Occlusion in Large, Giant, or Fusiform Aneurysms of the Carotid Siphon: Clinical and Imaging Results

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Parent artery occlusion has long been considered the reference treatment for large/giant or fusiform aneurysms of the carotid siphon. However, meager recent data exist on this technique, which tends to be replaced by stent-assisted reconstructive techniques. In our department since 2004, we have assessed the safety, efficacy, and complication risk factors of parent artery occlusion by using coils for trapping these aneurysms

A trial on unruptured intracranial aneurysms (the TEAM trial): results, lessons from a failure and the necessity for clinical care trials

The trial on endovascular management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (TEAM), a prospective randomized trial comparing coiling and conservative management, initiated in September 2006, was stopped in June 2009 because of poor recruitment (80 patients). Aspects of the trial design that may have contributed to this failure are reviewed in the hope of identifying better ways to successfully complete this special type of pragmatic trial which seeks to test two strategies that are in routine clinical use. Cultural, conceptual and bureaucratic hurdles and difficulties obstruct all trials. These obstacles are however particularly misplaced when the trial aims to identify what a good medical practice should be. A clean separation between research and practice, with diverging ethical and scientific requirements, has been enforced for decades, but it cannot work when care needs to be provided in the presence of pervasive uncertainty. Hence valid and robust scientific methods need to be legitimately re-integrated into clinical practice when reliable knowledge is in want

Microsurgery can cure most intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae of the sinus and non-sinus type

There is consensus that intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVF) with direct (non-sinus-type) or indirect (sinus-type) retrograde filling of a leptomeningeal vein should be treated due to the high risk of neurological deficits and hemorrhage. No consensus exists on treatment modality (surgery and/or embolization) and, if surgery is performed, on the best surgical strategy. This series aims to evaluate the role of surgery in the management of aggressive dAVFs. Forty-two patients underwent surgery. Opening and packing the sinus with thrombogenic material was performed in 9 of the 12 sinus-type dAVFs. In two sinus-type fistulae of the cavernous sinus and 1 of the torcular, microsurgery was used as prerequisite for subsequent embolization by providing access to the sinus. In the 30 non-sinus-type dAVFs, surgery consisted of interruption of the draining vein at the intradural entry point. In 41 patients undergoing 43 operations, elimination of the dAVF was achieved (97.6%). In one case, a minimal venous drainage persisted after surgery. The transient surgical morbidity was 11.9% (n = 5) and the permanent surgical morbidity 7.1% (n = 3). Our surgical strategy was to focus on the arterialized leptomeningeal vein in the non-sinus-type and on the arterialized sinus segment in the sinus-type dAVFs allowing us to obliterate all but one dAVF with a low morbidity rate. We therefore propose that microsurgery should be considered early in the treatment of both types of aggressive dAVFs. In selected cases of cavernous sinus dAVFs, the role of microsurgery is reduced to that of an adjunct to endovascular therapy

La modélisation graphique ou chorématique

National audienceCe chapitre d'ouvrage fait la synthèse des éléments théoriques et méthodologiques de la chorématiqu

Dynamique d'acteurs ( agriculteurs et institutions) et innovation agro-écologique pour la gestion des risques environnementaux en Guadeloupe

[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]DTAM [TR2_IRSTEA]SYNERGIEDans le contexte de crise économique et environnementale qui touche la filière banane à la Guadeloupe, l'objectif de cette contribution est d'engager une réflexion sur l'organisation d'acteurs à l'origine des innovations agro-écologiques. Nous interrogeons les dynamiques d'acteurs face aux crises et perturbations qui touchent l'agriculture antillaise, par le biais de l'organisation qu'ils mettent en place pour accompagner le changement. Des entretiens menés d'une part auprès d'un groupe de planteurs de bananes, d'autre part auprès des institutions en charge de la question environnementale sur l'île, ont permis de faire émerger trois principales conclusions sur la nature des innovations mises en oeuvre face aux crises environnementale et économique, leur échelle d'application et les forces motrices qui les sous-tendent : du point de vue technique, la mise en oeuvre de nouvelles pratiques indépendamment des échanges entre agriculteurs ; du point de vue stratégique, des changements d'orientation productive en liaison avec une forte dynamique d'échanges ; au niveau des institutions, de nouveaux lieux de dialogue. D'une manière générale, il apparaît qu'il y a un décalage dans la dynamique de concertation selon les niveaux d'organisation (agriculteurs vs institutions) et le lien entre ces deux niveaux d'organisation semble peu existant. / The aim of our research is to urge a reflexion on the agro-ecological innovations to manage the environmental risks. We analyse the organization that the stakeholders (farmers and institutions) set up facing the crises and disturbances which touch the agriculture of French West Indies. To do this, we enquired a group of farmers of banana production in Guadeloupe, and also the agricultural and environmental institutions of this island. This made it possible to identify three principal conclusions on the nature of the innovations, their scale of application and the driving forces which underlie them: from a technical point of view, new practices are implemented independently of the exchanges between farmers; from a strategic point of view, changes of production are made, depending on exchanges dynamic; on the level of the institutions, new places of dialogue are created. In conclusion, there is a shift in the dynamics of dialogue according to the levels of organization (farmers versus institutions) and the bond between these two levels of organization seems to be very thin

Des démarches innovantes pour la préservation du foncier agricole dans les territoires périurbains et ruraux : émergences, trajectoires, effets territoriaux. Une lecture à partir de deux initiatives françaises

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