A note on the orbit equivalence of injective actions

We characterise the groupoid $C^*$-algebras associated to the transformation groupoids of injective actions of discrete countable Ore semi-groups on compact topological spaces in terms of the reduced crossed product from the dual actions, and characterise the continuous orbit equivalence for injective actions by means of the transformation groupoids, as well as their reduced groupoid $C^*$-algebras. Finally, we characterize the injective action of semi-group on its compactifications

Continuous orbit equivalence up to equivalence relations

We introduce notions of continuous orbit equivalence and strong (respective, weak) continuous orbit equivalence for automorphism systems of \'{e}tale equivalence relations, and characterize them in terms of the semi-direct product groupoids, as well as their reduced groupoid $C^*$-algebras with canonical Cartan subalgebras. In particular, we study topological rigidity of expansive automorphism actions on compact (connected) metrizable groups

Edible Bird’s Nest Prevents Menopause-Related Memory and Cognitive Decline in Rats via Increased Hippocampal Sirtuin-1 Expression

Menopause causes cognitive and memory dysfunction due to impaired neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) downregulation in the hippocampus is implicated in the underlying molecular mechanism. Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is traditionally used to improve general wellbeing, and in this study, we evaluated its effects on SIRT1 expression in the hippocampus and implications on ovariectomy-induced memory and cognitive decline in rats. Ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with normal pellet alone or normal pellet + EBN (6, 3, or 1.5%), compared with estrogen therapy (0.2 mg/kg/day). After 12 weeks of intervention, Morris water maze (four-day trial and one probe trial) was conducted, and serum estrogen levels, toxicity markers (alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine), and hippocampal SIRT1 immunohistochemistry were estimated after sacrifice. The results indicated that EBN and estrogen enhanced spatial learning and memory and increased serum estrogen and hippocampal SIRT1 expression. In addition, the EBN groups did not show as much toxicity to the liver as the estrogen group. The data suggested that EBN treatment for 12 weeks could improve cognition and memory in ovariectomized female rats and may be an effective alternative to estrogen therapy for menopause-induced aging-related memory loss

Effects of Packaging with Different Oxygen Resistance Materials on the Quality of Fresh Pork

To evaluate the effect of different resistance oxygen of packaging materials opposite preservation of fresh meat, pork was packaged with 4 kinds of oxygen resistance grade packaging materials, high (HORP, 1.70 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa)), medium (MORP, 23.95 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa)), low oxygen resistance (LORP, 1631.44 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa)) bags along with oxygen permeable packaging (OPP, 10600.00 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa)) in this experiment. Samples were stored at 4 ℃ for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 d. The total viable count (TVC), pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value, water holding capacity, tenderness, protein oxidation and volatile odor of fresh pork during storage were measured and investigated. Results showed that TVC of fresh pork in HORP, MORP, LORP and OPP on 15 d increased to 5.86, 5.72, 6.90 and 7.43 lg CFU/g compared with 0 d (3.82 lg CFU/g) respectively. Compared to OPP group, the increase of TVB-N value and carbonyl group content on 15 d were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by HORP and MORP group, inhibited protein oxidation of pork during the storage period, the content of total sulfhydryl group in HORP and MORP group was higher than that of OPP group. The microstructure of muscles fibers detected by scanning electron microscope in the HORP and MORP group was observed to have the best structural integrity. The results of electronic nose measurement showed that the response values of fresh pork in all groups to W1W (sensitive to sulfide) and W5S (sensitive to nitrogen oxides) exhibited the greatest differences, and the HORP and MORP group could obviously reduce the production of sulfur and nitrogen oxides in fresh pork during storage. In summary, both HORP and MORP were more suitable for storing fresh pork at 4 ℃. In terms of extending the shelf life, 15 days or more could be expected

GmWRKY33a is a hub gene responsive to brassinosteroid signaling that suppresses nodulation in soybean (Glycine max)

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are key phytohormones influencing soybean development, yet their role in symbiosis remains unclear. Here, the RNA-Seq was used to identify important gene associated with BRs and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and the function of candidate gene was verified by transgenic hairy roots. The result shows that the RNA-Seq analysis was conducted in which BR signaling was found to suppress nodule formation and many DEGs enriched in immunity-related pathways. WGCNA analyses led to the identification of GmWRKY33a as being responsive to BR signaling in the context of symbiosis establishment. Transgenic hairy roots analyses indicated that GmWRKY33a served as a negative regulator of the establishment of symbiosis. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that BR signaling upregulates GmWRKY33a, leading to nodulation suppression and activation of soybean immune responses. In summary, our research revealed that BR suppresses root nodule formation by modulating the immune signaling pathway in soybean roots. We further identified that GmWRKY33a, a crucial transcription factor in BR signaling, plays a negative role in the symbiotic establishment

Intestinal rearrangement of biliopancreatic limbs, alimentary limbs, and common limbs in obese type 2 diabetic mice after duodenal jejunal bypass surgery

Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), yet the precise mechanisms underlying its effectiveness remain incompletely understood. While previous research has emphasized the role of rearrangement of the gastrointestinal anatomy, gaps persist regarding the specific impact on the gut microbiota and barriers within the biliopancreatic, alimentary, and common limbs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery on obese T2DM mice. We performed DJB and SHAM surgery in obese T2DM mice to investigate changes in the gut microbiota and barrier across different intestinal limbs. The effects on serum metabolism and potential associations with T2DM improvement were also investigated. Following DJB surgery, there was an increased abundance of commensals across various limbs. Additionally, the surgery improved intestinal permeability and inflammation in the alimentary and common limbs, while reducing inflammation in the biliopancreatic limbs. Furthermore, DJB surgery also improved T2DM by increasing L-glutamine, short-chain fatty acids, and bile acids and decreasing branched-chain amino acids. This study underscores the role of intestinal rearrangement in reshaping gut microbiota composition and enhancing gut barrier function, thereby contributing to the amelioration of T2DM following bariatric surgery, and providing new insights for further research on bariatric surgery