Brown-Henneaux's Canonical Approach to Topologically Massive Gravity

We analyze the symmetry realized asymptotically on the two dimensional boundary of AdS_3 geometry in topologically massive gravity, which consists of the gravitational Chern-Simons term as well as the usual Einstein-Hilbert and negative cosmological constant terms. Our analysis is based on the conventional canonical method and proceeds along the line completely parallel to the original Brown and Henneaux's. In spite of the presence of the gravitational Chern-Simons term, it is confirmed by the canonical method that the boundary theory actually has the conformal symmetry satisfying the left and right moving Virasoro algebras. The central charges of the Virasoro algebras are computed explicitly and are shown to be left-right asymmetric due to the gravitational Chern-Simons term. It is also argued that the Cardy's formula for the BTZ black hole entropy capturing all higher derivative corrections agrees with the extended version of the Wald's entropy formula. The M5-brane system is illustrated as an application of the present calculation.Comment: 29 pages, no figure, references adde

Inhibitory Effect of a Tankyrase Inhibitor on Mechanical Stress-Induced Protease Expression in Human Articular Chondrocytes

We investigated the effects of a Tankyrase (TNKS-1/2) inhibitor on mechanical stress-induced gene expression in human chondrocytes and examined TNKS-1/2 expression in human osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage. Cells were seeded onto stretch chambers and incubated with or without a TNKS-1/2 inhibitor (XAV939) for 12 h. Uni-axial cyclic tensile strain (CTS) (0.5 Hz, 8% elongation, 30 min) was applied and the gene expression of type II collagen a1 chain (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN), SRY-box9 (SOX9), TNKS-1/2, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5), and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) were examined by real-time PCR. The expression of ADAMTS-5, MMP-13, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and β-catenin were examined by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. The concentration of IL-1β in the supernatant was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TNKS-1/2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in human OA cartilage obtained at the total knee arthroplasty. TNKS-1/2 expression was increased after CTS. The expression of anabolic factors were decreased by CTS, however, these declines were abrogated by XAV939. XAV939 suppressed the CTS-induced expression of catabolic factors, the release of IL-1β, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and β-catenin. TNKS-1/2 expression increased in mild and moderate OA cartilage. Our results demonstrated that XAV939 suppressed mechanical stress-induced expression of catabolic proteases by the inhibition of NF-κB and activation of β-catenin, indicating that TNKS-1/2 expression might be associated with OA pathogenesis

Christopher Simpson The Division-Viol, or, The Art of PLAYING Extempore upon a GROUND. EDITIO SECVNDA Dedication & Recommendation

本訳稿はChristopher Simpson (1605頃－1669) 著 The Division-Viol, or, The Art of PLAYING Ex tempore upon a GROUND. DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS. EDITIO SECVNDA, London, 1665 の著者による献辞および楽譜出版権所有者による推薦文の全訳である

High Fracture Rate of AVANTA Silicone Implant Following Arthroplasty of the Thumb MCP Joint of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Boutonniere Deformities

We retrospectively investigated the mid-term outcomes of arthroplasty using the AVANTA silicone implant for thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints with boutonniere deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study involved 36 thumbs of 33 RA patients with a mean follow-up period of 5.1 years (range, 2.0-13.3). Postoperatively, the mean extension was significantly increased and the mean flexion was significantly decreased (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively), resulting in the mean arc of range of motion (ROM) shifting in the direction of extension after surgery. Implant fracture was observed in 10 thumbs (28%), and 4 of these (11%) underwent revision surgery. The survivorship with implant fracture and revision surgery as endpoints were 73.4% and 91.8% at 5 years, respectively. The preoperative arc of ROM and the postoperative flexion range of the implant-fracture group were significantly greater than those in the no-implant-fracture group (p=0.039, 0.034, respectively). These results suggest the importance of patient education and careful rehabilitation to prevent excessive flexion. Overall, the AVANTA silicone implant showed a relatively high rate of implant fracture at our institute

High Fracture Rate of AVANTA Silicone Implant Following Arthroplasty of the Thumb MCP Joint of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Boutonniere Deformities

We retrospectively investigated the mid-term outcomes of arthroplasty using the AVANTA silicone implant for thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints with boutonniere deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study involved 36 thumbs of 33 RA patients with a mean follow-up period of 5.1 years (range, 2.0-13.3). Postoperatively, the mean extension was significantly increased and the mean flexion was significantly decreased (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively), resulting in the mean arc of range of motion (ROM) shifting in the direction of extension after surgery. Implant fracture was observed in 10 thumbs (28%), and 4 of these (11%) underwent revision surgery. The survivorship with implant fracture and revision surgery as endpoints were 73.4% and 91.8% at 5 years, respectively. The preoperative arc of ROM and the postoperative flexion range of the implant-fracture group were significantly greater than those in the no-implant-fracture group (p=0.039, 0.034, respectively). These results suggest the importance of patient education and careful rehabilitation to prevent excessive flexion. Overall, the AVANTA silicone implant showed a relatively high rate of implant fracture at our institute

Incidental renal cell carcinoma presenting in a renal transplant recipient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a case report

Abstract Introduction We report an instructive case of incidental renal cell carcinoma in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease who underwent simultaneous bilateral native nephrectomy and living donor renal transplantation. Case presentation A 57-year-old Asian man with end-stage kidney disease due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease received a living kidney graft from his brother. Because of recurrent infection, chronic pain and enlarged kidneys, he underwent a bilateral nephrectomy with concomitant renal transplantation. The total weight of the removed kidneys was 6kg; the maximal diameter of the larger kidney was 28cm. His left kidney had a 1cm diameter tumor. Pathology indicated papillary renal cell carcinoma. At the time of this report, the transplant kidney function was normal with no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis. Conclusion This case shows and reinforces the importance of considering the possibility of an occult malignancy in the native kidneys of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Simultaneous bilateral native nephrectomy should be considered in these renal transplant recipients not only for preventing the development of adverse symptoms but also for detecting an occult malignancy.</p