61 research outputs found
Effects of Free Fatty Acids Per Se on Glucose Production, Gluconeogenesis, and Glycogenolysis
Endogenous glucose production increases in response to metformin treatment in the glycogen-depleted state in humans: a randomised trial
Insulin Resistance Is Not Conserved in Myotubes Established from Women with PCOS
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among premenopausal women, who often develop insulin resistance. We tested the hypothesis that insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an intrinsic defect, by investigating the metabolic characteristics and gene expression of in vitro differentiated myotubes established from well characterized PCOS subjects.Using radiotracer techniques, RT-PCR and enzyme kinetic analysis we examined myotubes established from PCOS subjects with or without pioglitazone treatment, versus healthy control subjects who had been extensively metabolically characterized in vivo. Results. Myotubes established from PCOS and matched control subjects comprehensively expressed all insulin-sensitive biomarkers; glucose uptake and oxidation, glycogen synthesis and lipid uptake. There were no significant differences between groups either at baseline or during acute insulin stimulation, although in vivo skeletal muscle was insulin resistant. In particular, we found no evidence for defects in insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity between groups. Myotubes established from PCOS patients with or without pioglitazone treatment also showed no significant differences between groups, neither at baseline nor during acute insulin stimulation, although in vivo pioglitazone treatment significantly improved insulin sensitivity. Consistently, the myotube cultures failed to show differences in mRNA levels of genes previously demonstrated to differ in PCOS patients with or without pioglitazone treatment (PLEK, SLC22A16, and TTBK).These results suggest that the mechanisms governing insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of PCOS patients in vivo are not primary, but rather adaptive.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00145340
The proteomic signature of insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle reveals increased glycolytic and decreased mitochondrial enzymes
Reversal of type 2 diabetes: normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol
The presence of Fc-receptor-blocking factors in the sera of normal and insulin-dependent diabetic pregnant women was investigated by means of an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. Sera from normal pregnant women induced a significant depression of antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity when compared with sera from normal and diabetic non-pregnant women (p less than 0.0001; p less than 0.002, respectively). The effect of sera from diabetic pregnant women, however, was not different from that observed with sera from normal and diabetic non-pregnant women. Thus, we confirm the presence of Fc-receptor-blocking factors in the sera of normal pregnant women. The higher cytotoxicity levels measured in the presence of sera from pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes suggests that the titres of such factors are reduced in this conditio
Fasting plasma C-peptide, glucagon stimulated plasma C-peptide, and urinary C-peptide in relation to clinical type of diabetes
Reduced plasma adiponectin concentrations may contribute to impaired insulin activation of glycogen synthase in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes
Total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels and measures of glucose and lipid metabolism following pioglitazone treatment in a randomized placebo-controlled study in polycystic ovary syndrome
Does overnight normalization of plasma glucose by insulin infusion affect assessment of glucose metabolism in Type 2 diabetes?
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