Otkrivanje i karakterizacija rotavirusa genogrupe 5 povezanog s proljevom prasadi u sjeveroistočnoj Indiji

Rotaviruses have been recognized as an important etiological agent of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis in young children and animals of several species worldwide, including diarrhoea in weaning and post-weaning piglets. In this study, we report the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses detected from piglets in different regions of the north-eastern hilly region of India. A total of 457 faecal samples (339 diarrhoeal and 118 non-diarrhoeal) were collected from piglets from local (n = 130) and cross breed (n = 327) piglets between July 2013 to June 2015 in different seasons of the year. All the samples were subjected to RNA-PAGE and RTPCR analysis. Rotaviruses were detected in 4.81% animals by RNA-PAGE and 7.43% animals by RT-PCR, with the highest prevalence (9.67%) from Meghalaya state. All the isolates were recorded as GARV and genogroup 5. The prevalence was higher in unorganized farms (10.77%) compared to organized farms (4.0%) with higher detection from diarrhoeic (9.14%) compared to non-diarrhoeic animals (2.54%). A higher prevalence was also recorded during the summer (12.5%) and winter (9.09%) seasons. On the basis of the sequence analysis, all the isolates were placed in a unique single cluster, different from other Indian isolates from humans and animals, which were in close proximity with human isolates. This is the first report of the detection of G5 Rotavirus associated with piglet diarrhoea in India.Rotavirusi su prepoznati kao važan etiološki čimbenik nebakterijskog akutnog gastroenteritisa kod male djece i različitih vrsta životinja. Kod prasadi to uključuje i proljev koji se pojavljuje pri odbiću i nakon odbića. U ovom je radu prikazana prevalencija i molekularna epidemiologija rotavirusa otkrivenih kod prasadi iz različitih dijelova sjeveroistočnog, brdovitog područja Indije. U razdoblju od srpnja 2013. do lipnja 2015. godine, tijekom različitih sezona, prikupljeno je ukupno 457 uzoraka fecesa (339 proljevastih i 118 neproljevastih). Uzorci su potjecali od prasadi lokalnih (n = 130) i križnih pasmina (n = 327). Svi su uzorci podvrgnuti RNA-PAGE i RT-PCR analizama. Rotavirusi su otkriveni u 4,81 % životinja pomoću RNA-PAGE i 7,43 % životinja pomoću RT-PCR analize. Najveća prevalencija (9,67 %) utvrđena je u državi Meghalaya. Svi su izolati registrirani kao GARV i genogrupa 5. Prevalencija je bila viša u slabo organiziranim farmama (10,77 %) u usporedbi s dobro organiziranim farmama (4,0 %), s većom učestalošću otkrivanja kod životinja koje su imale proljev (9,14 %) u odnosu na životinje bez proljeva (2,54 %). Također, veća je prevalencija utvrđena tijekom ljetnih (12,5 %) i zimskih (9,09 %) sezona. Na temelju analize sekvencija svi su izolati smješteni u jedinstveni pojedinačni skup (klaster). Taj je skup različit od drugih indijskih izolata ljudi i životinja u kojima je bio u neposrednoj blizini izolata ljudi. Ovo je prvo izvješće o otkrivanju rotavirusa G5 povezanih s proljevom prasadi u Indiji

Coinfection of diarrheagenic bacterial and viral pathogens in piglets of Northeast region of India

Aim: This study aimed to study the prevalence of the coinfection of enteric bacterial and viral pathogens, namely Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Rotavirus, and Picobirnavirus from fecal samples of pre-weaned piglets in Northeast region of India. Materials and Methods: A total of 457 fresh fecal samples were collected from piglets under 9 weeks old during 2013-2015 from organized (n=225) and unorganized (n=232) farms of Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland. Samples were collected from diarrheic (n =339) and non-diarrheic (n=118) piglets including local indigenous (n=130) and crossbreed (n=327) piglets in different seasons during the study period. The samples were processed for the isolation of E. coli and Salmonella and detection of their putative virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Samples were also processed for the detection of Rotavirus and Picobirnavirus by RNA-polyacrylamide agarose gel electrophoresis and reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). Results: A total of 11 (2.40%) samples were found positive for two or more coinfecting enteric bacterial and viral pathogens. All the 11 positive fecal samples were recovered from diarrheic piglets. Salmonella Typhimurium (enterotoxin, stn gene) and Picobirnavirus genogroup 1 were found to be more frequent as coinfecting agents. Coinfection was recorded higher in unorganized (3.87%) compared to organized farm (0.88%). Again, higher detection was recorded in crossbreed (2.75%) than local indigenous piglets (1.53%). The occurrence of coinfection was found to be more common during summer (4.68%) followed by winter (2.27%) season. Conclusion: The present study highlighted the significance of E. coli, Salmonella, Rotavirus, and Picobirnavirus as important diarrheagenic pathogens causing coinfection in piglets in Northeast region of India. Probably, this is the first systematic study of the coinfection of four important diarrheagenic bacterial and viral agents associated with piglet diarrhea in India

Characterisation of porcine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated in northeastern India

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is one of the main pathotypes causing gastroenteritis, particularly in young immunocompromised hosts. The study reports the prevalence, characterisation, and molecular epidemiology of EPEC from piglets in northeastern India