Comparison of produced fish protein hydrolysate from viscera and head of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) using alcalase enzyme and internal tissue enzymes

In the present study, hydrolysed protein of viscera and head of Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was compared using Alcalase enzyme and internal tissue enzymes at 2 and 4 hours. The result indicated that product by Alcalase (Treatment 1) had significantly higher protein and rate of hydrolysates than that produced by internal tissue enzymes (Treatment 2). So, the highest mean (±SD) protein (68.10±1.33) was related to treatment 1-head (with Alcalase enzyme) after 4 hours and the highest rate of hydrolysates (29.36±1.35) was related to treatment 1-head (with Alcalase enzyme) after 4 hours. The result indicated that rate of hydrolysates raised as time of hydrolysates increased. However the intensity and rate of hydrolysates is reduced. The highest rate of hydrolysates occurred at 120 minutes in the first. This mode was similar for two treatments. The result can be considered as the Alcalase was preferred to internal enzyme

A Case Report of Opioid Induced Hypomania and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and bipolar disorder are common psychiatric illnesses and there are many challenges in pathology and their treatment. In recent years, the role of opioid system in the pathology of these disorders has been considered. In this report, we present a case with simultaneous episodes of hypomania and OCD following opium use. CASE REPORT: The 65-year-old man, who was suffering from irritability, talkativeness, over spending and frequent washing following use of opium, visited in psychiatric clinic. After administration of 30 mg of methadone every day, all her symptoms improved. During 12 years of follow-up, we observed that her symptoms recurred when the patient was taking opium again. Few days after repeat prescription of methadone, these symptoms subsided. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study emphasize the role of opioid system in the pathology of obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder, at least when there are comorbid

Efficiency of fishing gear used for king fish fishery with the emphasize on gill nets in Oman Sea- coastal waters of Sistan and Baluchestn Province

Efficiency of various meshes of gillnets and trolling gear was investigated for catching kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson) in coastal waters of Sistan and Baluchestan province in 2007. In gillnets with mesh sizes between 57 to 110 mm and netting of monofilamnet and multifilament, the size distribution of kingfish ranged between 40 to 78 cm of fork length, which all specimen caught were immature. In mesh size of 146 mm and 171 mm, the length range of the species was larger, in which the frequency of immature fish for the respective mesh sizes was 19 and 11. In general, most fish was captured by wedging in the all mesh sizes. The size range of kingfish captured by the trolling was between 52 and 147 cm, of which more than 50 percent of caught fish were immature. The proportion of kingfish catches in the gillnets of 57-110 mm mesh sizes is about 13% of the total catch composition, for which the mesh sizes are considered as the dominant gillnets for capturing the species in this area. The conribution of kingfish catches in 133, 146, and 171 mm mesh sizes was 1.1, 52.3 and 18.9% respectively, with a 146-mm mesh size is considered as a dominant gillnet for this species. The implementation of the ban on the use of 57 to 110 mm mesh sizes for exploitation of kingfish is mandatory, which the mesh size of 146 mm and above seems to be appropriate for responsible fishery of the species. However, recommendation of standard mesh size needs to be re-examined in field trials

Indexing and abstracting of scientific reports and papers in ASFA database

Harmful algal blooms resulting in red discoloration of coastal waters in the Persian Gulf, Iran were first observed in January 2007. The species responsible for the bloom, which was identified as Cochlodinium polykrikoides, coincided with massive aquatic organisms’ mortalities in the Persian Gulf. In order to provide optimum growth and bloom forming, C. polykrikoides cells were sampled during the bloom conditions in the coastal waters of Persian Gulf. After adaptation in filtered seawater, they isolated by positive phototropism characteristic of this species to light. They were grown in modified media culture at different salinity (30, 32 and 35ppt), temperature (20, 23, 26 and 28~’C) and intensity (35, 70 and 90 ~kmol m-2s- 1). The results of the present study clearly showed that the highest alga biomass and growth rate was obtained following culture under the 32ppt salinity, 26~’C temperature, and under a 12h light:12h dark photoperiod regime at a light intensity of 90~kmol m-2s-1provided by cool white fluorescent tubes. Maximum cell density and growth rate of C. polykrikoides in a 60 liter tank for 20 days reached to 32×106 cell L−1 and 0.28 day−1, respectively. However, the mean obtained cell density of C. polykrikoides in temperature regimes 20, 23, 26 and 28~’C (under salinity of 32ppt, and 90~kmol m-2s-1irradiance) were 2730, 9360, 28240 and 18080 cell ml−1, respectively. A two-way ANOVA indicated significant effects of temperature on the growth rate of C. polykrikoides followed by salinity, and then the interaction between temperature and salinit

The Effect of Aromatherapy with Peppermint Essential Oil on Nausea and Vomiting in the Acute Phase of Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapy is one of the main treatment options for cancer patients. Nausea and vomiting are also the most common side effects of chemotherapy drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil on nausea and vomiting in the acute phase of chemotherapy (the first 24 hours) in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 100 women with breast cancer who were referred to the chemotherapy centers of Imam Khomeini Hospital on an outpatient basis for the first course. Patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Peppermint essential oil was used in the intervention group, while normal saline was used in the control group. Frequency and severity of acute nausea and vomiting in the first night after chemotherapy were recorded and compared using Rhodes standard questionnaire with a mean score of 0 – 32. FINDINGS: The two groups were not statistically different in terms of age, duration of cancer, history of alcohol abuse and history of nausea and vomiting. The mean score of nausea in the aromatherapy group was 1.1±1.02 and in the in the control group was 1.82±1.39 (p<0.014). The mean score of vomiting in the intervention group was 0.34±0.66 and in the control group was 0.66±0.97 (p<0.032). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the use of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil, along with the use of routine anti-nausea / vomiting drugs, can reduce nausea and vomiting in the acute phase of chemotherap

A geometric morphometric study of the geographic populations of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hem.: Liviidae), in Iran and Pakistan

Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is an important pest of citrus that transmits the bacterial pathogens responsible for citrus greening disease, also called Huanglongbing. The aim of the current study was to investigate the shape variations of the forewing among the Iranian geographic populations of D. citri, as well as one population from Pakistan. The adult psyllids used in this study were collected on Lime, Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle, from orchards in Southern Iran in 2011. The forewings of 12 D. citri populations (30 randomly selected adult females from each population) were examined using geometric morphometric analysis. Multivariate and univariate analysis of variance indicated significant variation of wing shape and size among the examined populations. Based on forewing shape, Sistan-Baluchestan and Pakistan populations were different from other populations, including Hormozgan (Minab, Rudan, Fareghan, Hajiabad), Kerman (Manujan, Kahnuj, Jiroft-Anbarabad, Jiroft-Blook, Orzoiye), and Fars (Darab). Considering the following reasons, geographic variation was developed by the interaction of genetic mechanisms and environmental processes: (1) there was a significant difference in the shape and squared Mahalanobis distance between some populations, (2) the correlation between geographic distances matrix and Mahalanobis distances matrix was significant, and (3) the wings grew allometrically, and geographic populations had separate allometric direction but parallel to each others. It is suggested that wing morphology could be beneficial for the preliminary assessment of population structure and pest control methods of D. citri in Iran

Investigation osmoregulation system of the Persian sturgeon released in the Gorgan River

In this study, circumstances of osmoregulation system of the Persian sturgeon released in the Gorgan River in order to stock restoration have been investigated. Ten days old larvae sampled during 45 days from hatchery to the estuary. Samples taken form blood serum, gills and kidney tissues were collected from 12 May to 26 June, 2003. In the present study, Sampling sites were Shahid Marjani sturgeon hatchery, earthen pond, river water (2 sub samples ) and estuary. The blood serum osmotic pressure ( mOsm/L) , K^ + , Na^+, Mg^++ ( mEqu/l) and Ca^++ (mg/dl) concentration were measured. In order to investigate the condition of osmoregulatory cells development, histological experiments of the specific tissues have been taken place accordingly.Regarding to figs. (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) , osmotic pressure of blood plasma was higher than the water ( the difference range is 14- 196 mOsmol/l). Statistical results (test of one way t student) show significant differences between the medium osmotic pressures (P=0.99). In cases of ions, the concentration of Na^+ and K^+ were higher than those of the water. There is also significant difference between these ions concentration (P = 0.01).In contrast, the content of Mg^ ++ and Ca^++ were lower than the water. Regarding to these last two ions, there is also significant difference (P= 0.99). Histological experiments confirm the results and show a relative development of the osmoregulatory cells in gills and kidney in accordance with fish ages

Removal of various contaminants from water by renewable lignocellulose-derived biosorbents: a comprehensive and critical review

© 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Contaminants in water bodies cause potential health risks for humans and great environmental threats. Therefore, the development and exploration of low-cost, promising adsorbents to remove contaminants from water resources as a sustainable option is one focus of the scientific community. Here, we conducted a critical review regarding the application of pristine and modified/treated biosorbents derived from leaves for the removal of various contaminants. These include potentially toxic cationic and oxyanionic metal ions, radioactive metal ions, rare earth elements, organic cationic and anionic dyes, phosphate, ammonium, and fluoride from water media. Similar to lignocellulose-based biosorbents, leaf-based biosorbents exhibit a low specific surface area and total pore volume but have abundant surface functional groups, high concentrations of light metals, and a high net surface charge density. The maximum adsorption capacity of biosorbents strongly depends on the operation conditions, experiment types, and adsorbate nature. The absorption mechanism of contaminants onto biosorbents is complex; therefore, typical experiments used to identify the primary mechanism of the adsorption of contaminants onto biosorbents were thoroughly discussed. It was concluded that byproduct leaves are renewable, biodegradable, and promising biosorbents which have the potential to be used as a low-cost green alternative to commercial activated carbon for effective removal of various contaminants from the water environment in the real-scale plants