Removal of Penicillin G from Aqueous Environments by Batch Reactor Nanoparticles Zero Valent Iron and Ozonation Process

Backgrounds and Objectives: Antibiotics can�t be removedefficiently by conventional wastewater treatment.Nano Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) has high efficiency of degradation of contaminants such as heavy metal, nitro aromatic compounds and insecticides. Ozonation is one of the most well known methods for remove of chemichal-resistant materials like antibiotics of water and wastewater Materials and Methods: This study is experimental. nZVI and ozonation were used to remove of penicillin G. for determination removal efficiency of penicillin, COD and TOC, factors: initial pH, dose of nano particle, initial penicillin dose, reaction time with nano particle and ozone were investigated. Results: Removal efficiency of penicillin G, COD, TOC in stage of reaction with nZVI were 96.35, 73.13 and 47.45, respectivly with reaction time: 60 min, initial penicillin concentration: 100 mg/L, COD: 1429 mg/L, TOC: 510 mg/L, pH=7, nano particle iron concentration: 0.25 g/L. In the stage of reaction with ozone, removal efficiency of penicillin G, COD and TOC were 99.5, 96.35 and 92.65, respectivly with reaction time: 13 min, pH=9, initial penicillin 20 mg/l, COD: 356 mg/L, TOC: 136 mg/L, volumetric flow rate of ozone: 5 L/min. Conclusion:The best removal efficiency in stage of nano particles reaction was in pH=7, initial nZVI concentration 0.25 g/L, initial penicillin concentration 100 mg/L and time about 60 min. The best removal efficiency in stage of ozonation was in pH=7 and time about 9 min

Investigation of magnesium oxide nanoparticles Efficiency in Phenol removal from aquatic solution

Background and Objectives: Phenol is one of most common organic pollutants in aqueous environments. Phenol presence in the environment can make some health problems such as carcinogenesis, abnormality of heartbeat, etc for humans and poisonous problems for other organisms. Therefore, this pollutant must be removed from polluted effluents to prevent water pollution. Using nanoparticles in adsorption processes is considered as an effective method for contaminants removal. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of magnesium oxide nanoparticles in phenol removal from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods:In this research, nanoparticles of magnesium oxide were used with size of 43 nm. After the preparation of phenol stock solution, effects of pH،(3- 5- 7- 9- 11)، contact time(10,30, 60, 90, and 120 min)، MgO dosage(20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L) and initial concentration of phenol (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l) Were  investigated. Results: Results indicated that the removal efficiency increased with increasing pH, contact time, MgO dosage to a certain range and decreasing initial concentration. Such that the maximum efficiency was equal to 81% in the pH of about 11, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, MgO dosage of 80 mg/l and contact time of 60 min. It was found that adsorption kinetics and equilibrium data follow a pseudo-second-order kinetics model and a Langmuir isotherm model respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the magnesium oxide nanoparticles have the ability to remove the phenol and can be used effectively in removing phenol from aqueous solutio

Evaluation of physical and chemical characteristics of wastewater and sludge of Zahedan urban wastewater treatment plant for reuse

Following the water shortage in the world, the use of wastewater as a sustainable resource has been considered in large volume. The study conducted to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of the wastewater and sludge of the Zahedan urban wastewater treatment plant showed that the wastewater and sludge treatment system of the treatment plant has high efficiency and effectiveness in removing the investigated parameters. The investigated parameters in the effluent included Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and Total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, temperature, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, pH, zinc, cobalt, lead and copper. Also, the investigated parameters in the sludge included Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), pH, electrical conductivity and heavy metals. The results showed that the average concentration of metals in the treated effluent is Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd ،and Chemical oxygen demand and Biochemical oxygen demand in the effluent of this treatment plant are on average 171 and 44.4 mg/L, respectively, and its discharge in surface water is limited, but it can be applied for agriculture. Also, the purified sludge had the necessary standards and could be used as soil or household fertilizer and compost for agricultural land

Performance evaluation of combined Ultrasonic-Persulfate Processes in Organic Matter Reduction of synthetic Dairy Wastewater

Background and Aim: Among the industries the dairy of the industry to recognize one of the most polluting Sources due to the presence of a high percentage of organic matter in the effluent. Recently, advanced oxidation processes, including Ultrasonic-persulfate with production of free radical such as sulfate and hydroxyl radicals is the efficient processes in wastewater treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was evaluation efficiency of US-persulfate processes in treatment synthetic dairy wastewater. Materials and Methods: This research was an experimental-laboratory study. In this study, dry milk was used to make synthetic dairy wastewater and effect of pH (3, 5, 7, 9, 11), persulfate concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500, 750 mg/L), contact time (10, 30, 45, 60, 90 min) and intensity of waves US (35, 37, 130 kHz) was investigated on efficiency and the process efficiency was measured by calculating the residual chemical oxygen demand using spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 600 nm. Results: According to the results, the efficiency increased by decreasing the pH value, increasing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide to an optimal level and increasing the contact time and ultrasound intensity and also was found that the efficiency of US-persulfate process at pH 3, concentration of persulfate500 mg/L, intensity of US 130 kHz and contact time 60 min had the highest efficiency that the amount of this efficiency was 74/53% and 61/1% for synthetic dairy wastewater and actual dairy sewerage respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, the acoustic-activated peroxylate process can be a good and high-performance method for removing organic matter from dairy wastewater

Efficiency Evalution Ultrasonic/Fenton Process in Removal of Antibiotic Penicillin G from Aquatic Solution by Response Surface Methodology

Background and Purpose: Extreme use of antibiotics and discharging them to the environment lead to serious consequences. Antibiotic Penicillin G a common antibiotic due to high production and are used in the treatment of infectious diseases  health officials give much attention .The aim of the present study was to Remove antibiotic Penicillin G in aquatic environments with the ultrasonic / Fenton by response surface methodology. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the effect of independent variables including solution pH, H2O2, Fe3+, reaction time and the initial concentration of the antibiotics Penicillin G on response performance (removal efficiency Penicillin G) with response to surface methodology based on Central Composite Design  (CCD). ANOVA was applied to analyze the responses. All experiments were performed in the presence US frequency 35(kHz).  Chemical Oxygen Demand was selected to follow the performance for Penicillin G antibiotics removal of the ultrasonic/ Fenton process. Results: Penicillin G removal in proposed model was statistically significant at 95% confidence level. The model had insignificant lack-of-fit at 95% confidence level (P=0.8040). Penicillin G removal efficiency was dependent on PH, H2O2, Fe3+ and reaction time. The removal efficiency of Penicillin G was 94.74% at optimum condition (3, 43mg/l, 0.007mg/l and 60 min). Conclusion: ultrasonic/ Fenton process applying current experimental conditions was found to be efficient in removal of the Penicillin G from aqueous solutions. Designing experiments by D-optimal method can optimize the removal of the process and prepare the best conditions for pollutant removal by reducing the number of experiments

Comparison of the Antidiabetic Activity of Lepidium sativum Seed Extract with that of Insulin in Diabetic Rats: A Comparative Study

Background and Aim: Diabetes can adversely affect spermatogenesis. Garden cress plant, known as Lepidium sativum, contains antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate and compare in vivo antidiabetic activities of hydroalcoholic garden cress seed extract and insulin on diabetic rats. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, diabetes was induced in the animals using streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg). Fifty rats were divided into five equal groups as follows: Groups 1, nondiabetic rats; group 2, diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin; Group 3, diabetic animals that received streptozotocin plus insulin; and groups 4 and 5 were diabetic rats that received 200 and 400 mg/kg garden cress seed extract respectively by gavage for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, the sperm parameters obtained from the tail of the left epididymis and biochemical parameters were analyzed and compared among the groups. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: The sperm parameters of the diabetic groups receiving 200 and 400 mg/kg of garden cress extract demonstrated a significant increase in all parameters compared to those of the diabetic control group. Administration of garden cress extract as a powerful antioxidant led to compensation for the streptozotocin toxicity and improved sperm quality. Conclusion: Administration of the Lepidium sativum seed extract compensated for the Streptozotocin-induced harmful effects. Our findings suggested that use of the garden cress seed extract and insulin therapy may have a potential protective effect on diabetes mellitus

Data on modeling of enzymatic elimination of Direct Red 81 using Response Surface Methodology

In this article, three variables including laccase dose, 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) dose and pH were used to modeling of Direct Red 81 (DR81) elimination from aqueous solutions by laccase-mediated system. Obtained data indicated that the predicted and experimental values were close for DR81 elimination, and the regression was also able to give a good prediction of response for DR81 elimination (R-Squared = 0.9983). From the experimental, the highest elimination of the DR81 was 95. 5% after 30 min incubation at pH 5, temperature 40 °C, ABTS 0.2 mM, and initial concentration of DR81 50 mg L−1 in the presence of 0.2 U mL−1 of the laccase. The data showed that the laccase can be used as a ''green'' technology for treating of dyes from aqueous solutions. Data analysis was performed using Design-Expert version 7.0.0 (Stat-Ease, trial version). Keywords: Laccase, Dye, Direct Red 81, Elimination, Box–Behnke

Direct Blue 71 removal from aqueous solution by laccase-mediated system; A dataset

The removal of Direct Blue 71 (DB71), by laccase (EC 1.10.3.2, p-bezenediol:dioxygen oxidoreductases) enzyme in presence of 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), in aqueous solution was investigated. Data on this article focused on the optimizing and modeling of DB71 removal by Response surface method (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design (BBD), through studying the effective variables as follows: ABTS dose (0.05–0.2 mM), Laccase dose (0.05–0.2 U mL−1), and pH (3–7). The results of experimental showed that laccase was able to removal DB71 with removal percentage of 83% at concentration of 50 mg L−1 after 30 min incubation in presence of ABTS 0.2 mM, at temperature 40 °C and pH 5. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the predicted quadratic model was done and quadratic equation showed significant R-Squared (0.9969), Adjusted R-Squared (0.9914) and Adequate Precision (49.7). The lack of fit is not significant due to p-value prob > F more than 0.05. Keywords: Laccase, Dye, Direct Blue 71, Removal, Response surface method, Box–Behnke

Degradation of reactive red 198 dye from aqueous solutions by combined technology advanced sonofenton with zero valent iron: Characteristics/ effect of parameters/kinetic studies

Dyes are one of the most common contaminants in industrial effluents, whose continuous release into the environment has become an increasing global concern. In this work, nanoparticles of zero-valent iron (NZVI) were synthesized using the chemical regeneration method ،and were utilized for the first time as a catalyst in the advanced Sono-Nano-Fenton hybrid method for the decomposition of Reactive Red 198 (RR198). The properties of zero-valent iron nanoparticles were analyzed using SEM and XRD. The effect of pH, initial dye concentration, nanoparticle dosage, zero-valent iron and H2O2 concentration on the decomposition efficiency of Red Reactive 198 was investigated. Comparing the efficiency of Reactivate 198 dye degradation in Sonolysis, Sono-NZVI, Sono-H2O2 and Sono-Nano Fenton processes showed that 97 % efficiency was achieved by the Sono-Nano Fenton process in 60 min. The kinetics of the removal process showed that this process follows pseudo-first-order kinetics and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The results indicate that the effectiveness of the ultrasonic process in removing resistant organic pollutants such as dyes increases tremendously with the synergy of the Fenton process