Electrophoresis of Polyelectrolytes : I. Electrophoretic Study of Poly (vinyl alcohol)

Electrophoretic study of poly(vinyl alcohol) using the Tiselius apparatus showed that the molecule in buffer solutions migrated towards the anode. The number of charges calculated from the mobility was larger than that determined by the conductometric titration: The difference was interpreted as the adsorption of salt-ions inside the polymer coil. The observed mobility was found to be dependent on the polymer concentration: this suggests the existence of inter-macro-ion interaction. The dependence of the mobility on the degree of polymerization was also examined but no appreciable difference was observed

Electrophoresis of Polyelectrolytes : II. Electrophoretic Study of Poly (vinyl alcohol) Partially Acetalized with Glyoxylic Acid

Electrophoretic behaviors of a synthetic polyelectrolyte, poly(vinyl alcohol) partially acetalized with glyoxylic acid (PVAG), were studied. The mobility was found to be almost independent of the degree of polymerization. The mobility-polymer concentration curve appears to have a minimum for materials of high charge density, whereas it is steadily decreasing for those of low charge density. Moreover the mobility variation with the ionic strength of buffer solution showed a tendency of decreasing under our experimental condition. The number of charges of this polyacid was estimated by means of Debye-Henry's relation from the observed (descending) mobility and found to be in a fairly good agreement with the value determined by conductomentric titration with an exception at the very low ionic strength

Potentiometric Titrations of a Polyelectrolyte

A study was carried out on the potentiometric titrations of poly(vinyl alcohol) partially acetalized with glyoxylic acid (PVAG). The titration curves were known to fulfil the relation proposed already by Pals and Hermans and the dissociation exponents were determined thereby. The radius of this polyacid was estimated from the electro-static free energy change by means of our theoretical treatment of polyelectrolyte solutions : it was found that the size decreased with the concentration, consistently with the well-known variation of the viscosity. Moreover, a potential potentiometrically obtained was shown not to be in agreement with the surface potential electrophoretically determined. This could be understood by referring the former to an average potential inside the spherical macro-ion

Prepotentials for local mirror symmetry via Calabi-Yau fourfolds

In this paper, we first derive an intrinsic definition of classical triple intersection numbers of K_S, where S is a complex toric surface, and use this to compute the extended Picard-Fuchs system of K_S of our previous paper, without making use of the instanton expansion. We then extend this formalism to local fourfolds K_X, where X is a complex 3-fold. As a result, we are able to fix the prepotential of local Calabi-Yau threefolds K_S up to polynomial terms of degree 2. We then outline methods of extending the procedure to non canonical bundle cases.Comment: 42 pages, 7 figures. Expanded, reorganized, and added a theoretical background for the calculation

Mirror Map as Generating Function of Intersection Numbers: Toric Manifolds with Two K\"ahler Forms

In this paper, we extend our geometrical derivation of expansion coefficients of mirror maps by localization computation to the case of toric manifolds with two K\"ahler forms. Especially, we take Hirzebruch surfaces F_{0}, F_{3} and Calabi-Yau hypersurface in weighted projective space P(1,1,2,2,2) as examples. We expect that our results can be easily generalized to arbitrary toric manifold.Comment: 45 pages, 2 figures, minor errors are corrected, English is refined. Section 1 and Section 2 are enlarged. Especially in Section 2, confusion between the notion of resolution and the notion of compactification is resolved. Computation under non-zero equivariant parameters are added in Section

A Novel Network Profiling Analysis Reveals System Changes in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Patient-specific analysis of molecular networks is a promising strategy for making individual risk predictions and treatment decisions in cancer therapy. Although systems biology allows the gene network of a cell to be reconstructed from clinical gene expression data, traditional methods, such as Bayesian networks, only provide an averaged network for all samples. Therefore, these methods cannot reveal patient-specific differences in molecular networks during cancer progression. In this study, we developed a novel statistical method called NetworkProfiler, which infers patient-specific gene regulatory networks for a specific clinical characteristic, such as cancer progression, from gene expression data of cancer patients. We applied NetworkProfiler to microarray gene expression data from 762 cancer cell lines and extracted the system changes that were related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Out of 1732 possible regulators of E-cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule that modulates the EMT, NetworkProfiler, identified 25 candidate regulators, of which about half have been experimentally verified in the literature. In addition, we used NetworkProfiler to predict EMT-dependent master regulators that enhanced cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and metastasis. In order to further evaluate the performance of NetworkProfiler, we selected Krueppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) from a list of the remaining candidate regulators of E-cadherin and conducted in vitro validation experiments. As a result, we found that knockdown of KLF5 by siRNA significantly decreased E-cadherin expression and induced morphological changes characteristic of EMT. In addition, in vitro experiments of a novel candidate EMT-related microRNA, miR-100, confirmed the involvement of miR-100 in several EMT-related aspects, which was consistent with the predictions obtained by NetworkProfiler