How the Integrated Approach to Corporate Governance Enhances Company Performance? Case of Delta Beverages.

The researcher wanted to find out how the integrated approach to corporate governance enhances company performance. In the past periods many corporations collapsed and this was attributable to failure to keep in pace with corporate governance evolution trend. On contrary the performance of Delta Beverages proved to be well and it is in that same period that it appreciated and adopted the evolution in corporate governance leading to its adoption of an integrated approach to corporate governance. In light of this, the researcher was then prompted to find out how this integrated approach enhances company performance. The study looked into many sources of literature on the integrated approach to come up with more informed scientific outcomes on the effectiveness of risk management in GRC, how GRC enhances company performance and the benefits accruing from the adoption of GRC. Conclusions were drawn from a total sample of 33 respondents consisting of directors, managers and general employees. It then became evident that the integrated approach to corporate governance enhances company performance and the researcher advocates that the manufacturing industries adopt it. Key words: Governance, Risk Management, and Complianc

Spin current and magneto-electric effect in non-collinear magnets

A new microscopic mechanism of the magneto-electric (ME) effect based on the spin supercurrent is theoretically presented for non-collinear magnets. The close analogy between the superconductors (charge current) and magnets (spin current) is drawn to derive the distribution of the spin supercurrent and the resultant electric polarization. Application to the spiral spin structure is discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Derivation of Matrix Product Ansatz for the Heisenberg Chain from Algebraic Bethe Ansatz

We derive a matrix product representation of the Bethe ansatz state for the XXX and XXZ spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains using the algebraic Bethe ansatz. In this representation, the components of the Bethe eigenstates are expressed as traces of products of matrices which act on ${\bar {\mathscr H}}$, the tensor product of auxiliary spaces. By changing the basis in ${\bar {\mathscr H}}$, we derive explicit finite-dimensional representations for the matrices. These matrices are the same as those appearing in the recently proposed matrix product ansatz by Alcaraz and Lazo [Alcaraz F C and Lazo M J 2006 {\it J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.} \textbf{39} 11335.] apart from normalization factors. We also discuss the close relation between the matrix product representation of the Bethe eigenstates and the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions [Korepin V E 1982 {\it Commun. Math. Phys.}, \textbf{86} 391.] and show that the change of basis corresponds to a mapping from the six-vertex model to the five-vertex model.Comment: 24 pages; minor typos are correcte

Block Spin Density Matrix of the Inhomogeneous AKLT Model

We study the inhomogeneous generalization of a 1-dimensional AKLT spin chain model. Spins at each lattice site could be different. Under certain conditions, the ground state of this AKLT model is unique and is described by the Valence-Bond-Solid (VBS) state. We calculate the density matrix of a contiguous block of bulk spins in this ground state. The density matrix is independent of spins outside the block. It is diagonalized and shown to be a projector onto a subspace. We prove that for large block the density matrix behaves as the identity in the subspace. The von Neumann entropy coincides with Renyi entropy and is equal to the saturated value.Comment: 20 page

Entanglement and Density Matrix of a Block of Spins in AKLT Model

We study a 1-dimensional AKLT spin chain, consisting of spins $S$ in the bulk and $S/2$ at both ends. The unique ground state of this AKLT model is described by the Valence-Bond-Solid (VBS) state. We investigate the density matrix of a contiguous block of bulk spins in this ground state. It is shown that the density matrix is a projector onto a subspace of dimension $(S+1)^{2}$. This subspace is described by non-zero eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of the density matrix. We prove that for large block the von Neumann entropy coincides with Renyi entropy and is equal to $\ln(S+1)^{2}$.Comment: Revised version, typos corrected, references added, 31 page

Sine-square deformation of solvable spin chains and conformal field theories

We study solvable spin chains, one-dimensional massless Dirac fermions, and conformal field theories (CFTs) with sine-square deformation (SSD), in which the Hamiltonian density is modulated by the function $f(x)=\sin^2 (\pi x/\ell)$, where $x$ is the position and $\ell$ is the length of the system. For the XY chain and the transverse field Ising chain at criticality, it is shown that the ground state of an open system with SSD is identical to that of a uniform chain with periodic boundary conditions. The same holds for the massless Dirac fermions with SSD, corresponding to the continuum limit of the gapless XY chain. For general CFTs, we find that the Hamiltonian of a system with SSD has an expression in terms of the generators of the Virasoro algebra. This allows us to show that the vacuum state is an exact eigenstate of the sine-square deformed Hamiltonian. Furthermore, for a restricted class of CFTs associated with affine Lie (Kac-Moody) algebras, including $c=1$ Gaussian CFT, we prove that the vacuum is an exact ground state of the deformed Hamiltonian. This explains why the SSD has succeeded in suppressing boundary effects in one-dimensional critical systems, as observed in previous numerical studies.Comment: 20pages, 3 figures, new examples and references added, typos correcte

Does Corporate Size Influence CEO Incentives? Case of Zimbabwe Stock Exchange Listed Companies

The study sought to analyse the alignment of Chief Executive Officers (CEO) s’ incentives to corporate size (Sales / Revenue) in Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE) listed companies in 2009 to 2010 trading years. The research was motivated by the results of various findings from previous researches mostly in developed countries. The findings had results ranging from a negative relationship, no relationship, disappearing relationship to a positive relationship being observed. Some of these researches failed to give results because of total lack of information on directors’ fees. Quantitative data was analysed using simple regression model and Chi Square Test. Correlation coefficients were also calculated. The research found a very weak positive relationship between CEO incentives and corporate size and that the link is quickly weakening towards a no relationship if not a negative relationship. The basis for the setting and changes in CEO incentives for the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange listed companies remains a mystery. Information on CEO incentives was unexpectedly very scarce. This resulted in the Chi Square Test results at 5% significant level suggesting that the different sample sizes used could have influenced the research findings – the fall in the relationship. Key words: CEO Incentives; Firm Size; Corporate Performanc

Does Corporate Size Influence CEO Incentives? Case of Zimbabwe Stock Exchange Listed Companies

The study sought to analyse the alignment of Chief Executive Officers (CEO) s’ incentives to corporate size (Sales / Revenue) in Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE) listed companies in 2009 to 2010 trading years. The research was motivated by the results of various findings from previous researches mostly in developed countries. The findings had results ranging from a negative relationship, no relationship, disappearing relationship to a positive relationship being observed. Some of these researches failed to give results because of total lack of information on directors’ fees. Quantitative data was analysed using simple regression model and Chi Square Test. Correlation coefficients were also calculated. The research found a very weak positive relationship between CEO incentives and corporate size and that the link is quickly weakening towards a no relationship if not a negative relationship. The basis for the setting and changes in CEO incentives for the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange listed companies remains a mystery. Information on CEO incentives was unexpectedly very scarce. This resulted in the Chi Square Test results at 5% significant level suggesting that the different sample sizes used could have influenced the research findings – the fall in the relationship. Key words: CEO Incentives; Firm Size; Corporate Performanc