108 research outputs found
RaLLe: A Framework for Developing and Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models
Retrieval-augmented large language models (R-LLMs) combine pre-trained large
language models (LLMs) with information retrieval systems to improve the
accuracy of factual question-answering. However, current libraries for building
R-LLMs provide high-level abstractions without sufficient transparency for
evaluating and optimizing prompts within specific inference processes such as
retrieval and generation. To address this gap, we present RaLLe, an open-source
framework designed to facilitate the development, evaluation, and optimization
of R-LLMs for knowledge-intensive tasks. With RaLLe, developers can easily
develop and evaluate R-LLMs, improving hand-crafted prompts, assessing
individual inference processes, and objectively measuring overall system
performance quantitatively. By leveraging these features, developers can
enhance the performance and accuracy of their R-LLMs in knowledge-intensive
generation tasks. We open-source our code at https://github.com/yhoshi3/RaLLe.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, see https://youtu.be/JYbm75qnfTg for the
demonstration screencas
SimplyRetrieve: A Private and Lightweight Retrieval-Centric Generative AI Tool
Large Language Model (LLM) based Generative AI systems have seen significant
progress in recent years. Integrating a knowledge retrieval architecture allows
for seamless integration of private data into publicly available Generative AI
systems using pre-trained LLM without requiring additional model fine-tuning.
Moreover, Retrieval-Centric Generation (RCG) approach, a promising future
research direction that explicitly separates roles of LLMs and retrievers in
context interpretation and knowledge memorization, potentially leads to more
efficient implementation. SimplyRetrieve is an open-source tool with the goal
of providing a localized, lightweight, and user-friendly interface to these
sophisticated advancements to the machine learning community. SimplyRetrieve
features a GUI and API based RCG platform, assisted by a Private Knowledge Base
Constructor and a Retrieval Tuning Module. By leveraging these capabilities,
users can explore the potential of RCG for improving generative AI performance
while maintaining privacy standards. The tool is available at
https://github.com/RCGAI/SimplyRetrieve with an MIT license.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Design and Performance of Superconducting Magnets for Hybrid Magnets(Part I. Establishment and Tests of Hybrid Magnet System at HFLSM)
Design, construction and performance of three superconducting magnets for the hybrid magnets installed in the High Field Laboratory for Superconducting Materials are described in detail. The compact solenoid, SM-3, without fully cryostable design forms the outer part of the most compact hybrid magnet in the world, HM-3 (32 mm bore, 20 T). Fully cryostable superconducting magnet designed under the Steckly criterion, SM-2, is the outer part of HM-2 (52 mm bore, 23 T), which has been most attractive to many experimentalists. SM-1, the outer part of HM-1 (32/52 mm bore, 31/28 T), with the Williams cryostability criterion is the world largest one of the superconducting magnets which employ Ti-doped Nb_3Sn multifilamentary conductors and can generate more than 12 T
General Survey of Tohoku Hybrid Magnet System(Part I. Establishment and Tests of Hybrid Magnet System at HFLSM)
Outline of Tohoku Hybrid Magnet system is briefly described. High Field Laboratory was established in the Research Institute for Iron, Steel and Other Metals, Tohoku University, in 1981, for accelerating research and development of high field superconducting materials. Three hybrid magnets generating magnetic fields more than 20 T have been constructed as its main apparatuses. The strongest hybrid magnet, HM-1, could produce 31.1 T in November, 1986, which was the world record as this kind of hybrid magnet. Several important features of the hybrid magnet system are introduced which will be also useful to understand the following papers
Scc1/Rad21/Mcd1 Is Required for Sister Chromatid Cohesion and Kinetochore Function in Vertebrate Cells
AbstractProteolytic cleavage of the cohesin subunit Scc1 is a consistent feature of anaphase onset, although temporal differences exist between eukaryotes in cohesin loss from chromosome arms, as distinct from centromeres. We describe the effects of genetic deletion of Scc1 in chicken DT40 cells. Scc1 loss caused premature sister chromatid separation but did not disrupt chromosome condensation. Scc1 mutants showed defective repair of spontaneous and induced DNA damage. Scc1-deficient cells frequently failed to complete metaphase chromosome alignment and showed chromosome segregation defects, suggesting aberrant kinetochore function. Notably, the chromosome passenger INCENP did not localize normally to centromeres, while the constitutive kinetochore proteins CENP-C and CENP-H behaved normally. These results suggest a role for Scc1 in mitotic regulation, along with cohesion
The Dugesia ryukyuensis Database as a Molecular Resource for Studying Switching of the Reproductive System
The planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis reproduces both asexually and sexually, and can switch from one mode of reproduction to the other. We recently developed a method for experimentally switching reproduction of the planarian from the asexual to the sexual mode. We constructed a cDNA library from sexualized D. ryukyuensis and sequenced and analyzed 8,988 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The ESTs were analyzed and grouped into 3,077 non-redundant sequences, leaving 1,929 singletons that formed the basis of unigene sets. Fifty-six percent of the cDNAs analyzed shared similarity (E-value<1E -20) with sequences deposited in NCBI. Highly redundant sequences encoded granulin and actin, which are expressed in the whole body, and other redundant sequences encoded a Vasa-like protein, which is known to be a component of germ-line cells and is expressed in the ovary, and Y-protein, which is expressed in the testis. The sexualized planarian expressed sequence tag database (http://planaria.bio.keio.ac.jp/planaria/) is an open-access, online resource providing access to sequence, classification, clustering, and annotation data. This database should constitute a powerful tool for analyzing sexualization in planarians
A sperm-activating peptide controls a cGMP-signaling pathway in starfish sperm☆
AbstractPeptides released from eggs of marine invertebrates play a central role in fertilization. About 80 different peptides from various phyla have been isolated, however, with one exception, their respective receptors on the sperm surface have not been unequivocally identified and the pertinent signaling pathways remain ill defined. Using rapid mixing techniques and novel membrane-permeable caged compounds of cyclic nucleotides, we show that the sperm-activating peptide asterosap evokes a fast and transient increase of the cGMP concentration in sperm of the starfish Asterias amurensis, followed by a transient cGMP-stimulated increase in the Ca2+ concentration. In contrast, cAMP levels did not change significantly and the Ca2+ response evoked by photolysis of caged cAMP was significantly smaller than that using caged cGMP. By cloning of cDNA and chemical crosslinking, we identified a receptor-type guanylyl cyclase in the sperm flagellum as the asterosap-binding protein. Sperm respond exquisitely sensitive to picomolar concentrations of asterosap, suggesting that the peptide serves a chemosensory function like resact, a peptide involved in chemotaxis of sperm of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. A unifying principle emerges that chemosensory transduction in sperm of marine invertebrates uses cGMP as the primary messenger, although there may be variations in the detail
In vitroNeo-Genesis of Tendon/Ligament-Like Tissue by Combination of Mohawk and a Three-Dimensional Cyclic Mechanical Stretch Culture System
Tendons and ligaments are pivotal connective tissues that tightly connect muscle and bone. In this study, we developed a novel approach to generate tendon/ligament-like tissues with a hierarchical structure, by introducing the tendon/ligament-specific transcription factor Mohawk (MKX) into the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line C3H10T1/2 cells, and by applying an improved three-dimensional (3D) cyclic mechanical stretch culture system. In our developed protocol, a combination of stableMkxexpression and cyclic mechanical stretch synergistically affects the structural tendon/ligament-like tissue generation and tendon related gene expression. In a histological analysis of these tendon/ligament-like tissues, an organized extracellular matrix (ECM), containing collagen type III and elastin, was observed. Moreover, we confirmed thatMkxexpression and cyclic mechanical stretch, induced the alignment of structural collagen fibril bundles that were deposited in a fibripositor-like manner during the generation of our tendon/ligament-like tissues. Our findings provide new insights for the tendon/ligament biomaterial fields
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