Composição de aminoácidos de gerações precoces de feijão obtidas a partir de cruzamentos com parental de alto teor de metionina Amino acid composition in common bean of early generations developed from cross with high methionine content parental

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição de aminoácidos de gerações precoces de feijão, obtidas a partir de cruzamentos com parental de alto teor de metionina, e selecionar plantas F2 para o desenvolvimento de populações segregantes com alto teor de metionina. A partir do cruzamento entre BRS Valente e IAPAR 44 foram obtidas as gerações F1, F1 recíproco, F2, F2 recíproco, retrocruzamento 1 e retrocruzamento 2. Os aminoácidos foram quantificados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e de variáveis canônicas. Os aminoácidos - ácido aspártico, ácido glutâmico, glicina, prolina, tirosina, cisteína, metionina e treonina - apresentaram variabilidade genética. Gerações precoces com alto teor de metionina foram obtidas sem que tenha havido limitação na disponibilidade dos demais aminoácidos essenciais. As duas primeiras variáveis canônicas explicaram 99,28% da variação total dos genótipos e três grupos foram formados. Plantas da geração F2 poderão ser selecionadas pelo programa de melhoramento para o desenvolvimento de populações segregantes de feijão com alto teor de metionina.<br>The objective of this research was to determine the amino acid composition in common bean early generations developed from controlled crossings with high methionine content parental, and to select F2 plants with high methionine content. BRS Valente and IAPAR 44 were crossed and the F1, F1 reciprocal, F2, F2 reciprocal, backcross 1 e backcross 2 generations were obtained. The amino acid contents were determinated by liquid chromatography of high performance (CLAE) and the data were submitted to analysis of variance and cannonical variables. Aspartic acid, glutamatic acid, glycine, proline, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine and threonine contents showed variability among genotypes. Early generations were obtained with high methionine content and essential amino acids contents were appropriate for consume. The first two cannonical variables explained 99.28% of the total variation of genotypes and three groups were formed. Plants of the F2 generation are able to be selected by breeding program for the development of segregation populations of common bean with high methionine content

Nutritional and culinary quality of bush bean populations intercropped with maize

The intereropping of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) is a common practice in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. In this experiment, 25 populations of bush bean were evaluated for nutritional and culinary traits of dry seed and immature pod in sole crop and in intercrop in two years and in two locations, in order to determine whether selection of bush bean in sole crop can result in genetic progress for intercrop. There were no differences in the population means between cropping systems. Significant differences were detected among populations for all traits tudied except starch content, crude ash, water absorption and coat proportion. Population x environment interaction was significant for pod thickness. Bean populations did not interact with cropping systems for any trait, although there were differences between cropping systems for crude protein. These results suggest that a sole crop system provides sufficient information to select bean populations efficiently for the bush bean-maize intercropping system, although the advanced generations of the breeding program should be tested for quantitative traits such as protein content in the appropriate cropping system (intercropping) to know the competitive ability with the associated species. This would permit to choose bush bean populations which complement more efficiently and would be less competitive with the maize population.This study was made possible through two grants from Xunta de Galicia to M. Santalla and P.A. Casquero. Research was supported by the CICYT project AGR90-0822 from the Spanish Government and the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain).Xunta de GaliciaMCYTUSC-Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaPeer reviewe

Genetic control of potassium content of common bean seeds

The objective of this work was to investigate possible maternal effects on potassium content of common bean seeds, as well as to estimate the heritability and selection gains in early hybrid generations for this character and to evaluate the efficiency of genetic selection to improve the nutritional quality of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Crosses with four cultivars from the Mesoamerican gene pool yielded the reciprocal F1 and F2 generations and the backcrossed populations (BCP1 and BCP2). The potassium content of the progenies was measured via nitric‑perchloric digestion and flame photometry. The potassium content in the tested progenies varied from 6.0 to 14.9 g kg-1 dry matter, and no significant maternal effect was observed. The narrow-sense heritability ranged from low (33.26%) to intermediate (43.05%). Partial dominance was observed for low potassium content in the seeds. No increase in potassium content was obtained through selection. Breeding common bean plants for increasing potassium content in seeds may be difficult because the local environment strongly influences the character