Short communication: Ecological classification of southern zones of the Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Province), based on CMECS model

A coastal area is a confluence of land and marine ecosystems and includes the independent biological, ecological, and geological area. Increasing pressure on these areas can decrease the quality of marine habitats, and can even lead to the loss of sensitive habitats. In this regard, a “biotope” has been suggested as the most informative operational unit for research and management. These biotopes, however, have been specified by the dominant species; they depend on the seabed, they are stable, and sometimes are used synonymously with the word ecology. Habitat classifications are, therefore, most accurate and ecologically relevant at the biotope level because of the direct relationship between the biota and their environment. The Coastal Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) was developed with the input of over 40 coastal and 20 marine habitat experts and presents a universally accepted standard classification for coastal and marine habitats. ... We classified the eastern coast of Mazandaran Province (Babolsar to Amirabad Port) and then encoded this zone based on the CMECS model

Preoperative 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and concomitant nodular goiter: Comparison of SPECT-CT, SPECT, and planar imaging

Background: Investigations using a hybrid single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT-CT) scanning technique have been carried out in limited studies and have shown mixed results. However, the assessment of this technique for the detection of parathyroid adenoma in patients with a nodular goiter was performed in only one study with a small sample size. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the role of Tc-sestamibi parathyroid SPECT-CT scans for localization of parathyroid adenomas with a concomitant nodular goiter using Tc-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) scintigraphy and to compare it with SPECT and planar imaging. Methods: This study was conducted on 48 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and nodular goiter, who were candidates for parathyroid surgery and had been referred for parathyroid scintigraphy. The patients underwent an early set of planar Tc-MIBI scanning procedures first, followed by SPECT and CT scannings, and finally a delayed set of planar Tc-MIBI scannings. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and accuracy were determined on a per-parathyroid-gland basis for each scanning method, as defined by histology and follow-up. Results: The surgery was successful in 48 out of 50 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism concomitant with thyroid nodularity, and data were completed for 80 sites in 48 patients. The accuracy of SPECT-CT in correctly identifying a parathyroid adenoma was 85.00, versus 75.00% for SPECT (P=0.01, significant). The sensitivity and specificity for SPECT-CT were 77.55 and 96.77%, respectively, versus 67.34 and 87.09%, respectively, for SPECT (P=0.12 and 0.12, not significant). There were nine sites that showed better localization on SPECT-CT scans relative to SPECT images, of which five sites were located in the ectopic regions. Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that SPECT-CT is more accurate than sestamibi planar imaging and SPECT for the preoperative identification of parathyroid lesions in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism concomitant with thyroid nodularity. Also, we would recommend the use of SPECT-CT for a workup of all patients with ectopic glands who are scheduled for minimally invasive parathyroid surgery. © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

An updated min-review on environmental route of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission

The risk of newly emerging diseases is constantly present in a world where changes occur significantly in climatic, commercial, and ecological conditions, in addition to the development of biomedical investigations in new situations. An epidemic respiratory disease instigated by a new coronavirus was initially identified in and has resulted in the current global dissemination. This viral strain and its related disease has been termed �SARS-CoV-2� and �coronavirus disease 2019� (abbreviated �COVID-19� or �2019-nCoV�), respectively, which is transmitted simply between individuals. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 outburst as a pandemic on March 11, which necessitates a cooperative endeavour globally for mitigating the spread of COVID-19. The absence of previous, and minimum present-day information, particularly concerning the path of contagion have precluded the control of this disease. The present article, therefore, describes the SARS-CoV-2 paths of contagion such as drinking water, solid waste, sewer water, ambient air, and the rest of emerging likely paths. © 2020 Elsevier Inc

Determination of technical regulation & criteria of Iranian fisheries & marine aquatics

Accurate scientific and practical plan for achieving the goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran within the framework of Vision development 1404, is the infrastructure achieving sustainable development of the country. Order to achieve the above mentioned objectives and in order to the comprehensive development plans in the country, Iranian fisheries research organization adjust the fifth developing plan for support of executive related departments in country with mobilization a large number researchers consists of several working groups of IFRO affiliated research centers. The fifth developing plan consist of three chapters for report of the forth developing plan and intrudction of research , construction plans and financial support (budjet) for period of 2011-2014 A.C

Feasibility study on semi intensive polyculture of chainess and Indian carps in I.R.IRAN (Khozestan province)

In order to diversify the production of carp (Cyprinid) in Iran, in 2010 September, 15,000 pieces of fry from three species of indian major carp were arrived to Iran. After subtraction of the dead fishes, finally 10,500 fry were introduced to 700 m2 ponds with a density 3,500 pieces, which includes 46. 7 % Catla, (Catla catla), 35 % Rohu (Labeo rohita) and 18. 3% Mrigal Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala). Primary average weight and length of these fishes were 0.3±0.0 g and 23.6±0.75 mm for Rohu, 0.1±0.0 g and 33.26±0.35 for catla and 0.16±0.01 g and 34.8±0.96 mm in Mrigal respectively. Fish were reared in the Khuzestan province's climate with at least 7°C and a maximum temperature of 35°C. The culture period was 6 month. Once every 45 days by using signebeach net samples were taken from ponds and biometry tests were done. The maximum net production was observed at 50% situated treatment, with average weight 723.3 kg per 1700 m^2 ponds (4254.9 kg ha). There is no significant differences between experimental treatments with each other and with control (P <0. 05). Mean final weight of Rohu in 3 experimental treatments were 1136, 1129, 1054 g and in Catla and Mrigal were 726,902, 839 g and 773, 788, 894. There was not significant diference between them (P<0.05). Survival rate in Rohu, Catla and Mrigal was 92%, 97% and 86% respectively. The maximum specific growth rate (SGR) of fish related to Catla (1.92) and the minimum SGR of fish was observed in Mrigal (1.45). In accordance with the results of this study, the Indian carp fishes can able to adapt, grow and reach to market weight in the Khuzestan province's weather conditions

The study of adaptation, growth and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis.sp) in Bafgh brackish water

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of adaptation, growth and survival of Red and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in underground brackish water. Fry with 0.3 and 0.7 g initial weight imported from Indonesia and after passing larviculture (20 g) were examined separately in fiber glass tank and earthen pond by two replicate. Fish were fed three times a day by using manual food (cp=33.79) and carp food (cp=25.05) at a restricted feeding program according to standard table during the 72 days rearing stage at light period. The results showed that some growth factors such as final weight, final length, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and weight gain in Nile tilapia were slightly higher than red tilapia but other factors such as survival and feed conversion rate in red tilapia were slightly higher than Nile tilapia. There were no significantly differences at 99% level among these factors. Length-weight relationship equation was w = 0.020 × TL3.012 in Nile tilapia and w = 0.015×TL3.086 in red tilapia (r^2 = 0.98), b value was 3.012 and 3.086 respectively in Nile and red tilapia representing isometric growth. So according to the results, good growth and high survival rate, it seems that both Nile and red tilapia could be good candidates for reproducing and rearing in brackish water condition

Feasibility study on Intensive polyculture of chainess and Indian carps in I.R.IRAN (Giulan province)

500000 juvenile Indian majour carps (Labeo rohita,Cirhinus merigala, Catla catla) imported (2004) and transferred to the earthen ponds in Shahid Ansari Carp Breeding Center , In order to assess the viability of rearing under the climatic condition of north part of Iran and also achieve some growth parameters from the larval stage to market size.The fry with 300 mg weight, were released in to 8 ponds.specimens were separated to tree experimental categories: 1= (Labeo rohita) , 2= (Cirhinus merigala) , 3= (Catla catla). fishes were fed with artificial food and also with the natural products of the ponds which were enriched with organic fertilizers, after being equally stocked in the ponds .During the experiment, oxygen level ,PH, turbidity, and temperature were measured . Monthly fry samples were taken, for weight and length biometrical analysis and also determination of the weight gain percentage, average daily growth rate, specific growth rate. Results have indicated adaptations and considerable growth in this species, with an increase from the initial weight of 300 mg to an average of 13.5±1.6 mg in 50 days period until the end of November for fingerlings. Also the average weight of growing phase (second year of production) was 647g. For Labeo rohita ,420 g. for Cirhinus merigala and 734g. For Catla catla. The special growth rate(SGR)in Roho was 4.51 %.and 3.9 % for merigal and6.2 % for Catla while for Chinees carps SGR was 4.9, 6.7, 7.6 and 5.8 for silver carp,grass carp, common carp and big head respectively. Results revealed that the Indian majour carps compatibility with the condition in Gilan province was succesfull and the combination of species and optimization of their compatibility were remind for further studies

Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication

Sheep were among the first domesticated animals, but their demographic history is little understood. Here we analyzed nuclear polymorphism and mitochondrial data (mtDNA) from ancient central and west Anatolian sheep dating from Epipaleolithic to late Neolithic, comparatively with modern-day breeds and central Asian Neolithic/Bronze Age sheep (OBI). Analyzing ancient nuclear data, we found that Anatolian Neolithic sheep (ANS) are genetically closest to present-day European breeds relative to Asian breeds, a conclusion supported by mtDNA haplogroup frequencies. In contrast, OBI showed higher genetic affinity to present-day Asian breeds. These results suggest that the east-west genetic structure observed in present-day breeds had already emerged by 6000 BCE, hinting at multiple sheep domestication episodes or early wild introgression in southwest Asia. Furthermore, we found that ANS are genetically distinct from all modern breeds. Our results suggest that European and Anatolian domestic sheep gene pools have been strongly remolded since the Neolithic

The fifth developing plan of Iranian Fisheries Research Institute

Accurate scientific and practical plan for achieving the goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran within the framework of Vision development 1404, is the infrastructure achieving sustainable development of the country. Order to achieve the above mentioned objectives and in order to the comprehensive development plans in the country, Iranian fisheries research organization adjust the fifth developing plan for support of executive related departments in country with mobilization a large number researchers consists of several working groups of ifro affiliated research centers. The fifth developing plan consist of three chapters for report of the forth developing plan and intrudction of research, construction plans and financial support (budjet) for period of 2011-2014 A.C

Manufacture Techniques of Chitosan-Based Microcapsules to Enhance Functional Properties of Textiles

In recent years, the textile industry has been moving to novel concepts of products, which could deliver to the user, improved performances. Such smart textiles have been proven to have the potential to integrate within a commodity garment advanced feature and functional properties of different kinds. Among those functionalities, considerable interest has been played in functionalizing commodity garments in order to make them positively interact with the human body and therefore being beneficial to the user health. This kind of functionalization generally exploits biopolymers, a class of materials that possess peculiar properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability that make them suitable for bio-functional textile production. In the context of biopolymer chitosan has been proved to be an excellent potential candidate for this kind of application given its abundant availability and its chemical properties that it positively interacts with biological tissue. Notwithstanding the high potential of chitosan-based technologies in the textile sectors, several issues limit the large-scale production of such innovative garments. In facts the morphologies of chitosan structures should be optimized in order to make them better exploit the biological activity; moreover a suitable process for the application of chitosan structures to the textile must be designed. The application process should indeed not only allow an effective and durable fixation of chitosan to textile but also comply with environmental rules concerning pollution emission and utilization of harmful substances. This chapter reviews the use of microencapsulation technique as an approach to effectively apply chitosan to the textile material while overcoming the significant limitations of finishing processes. The assembly of chitosan macromolecules into microcapsules was proved to boost the biological properties of the polymer thanks to a considerable increase in the surface area available for interactions with the living tissues. Moreover, the incorporation of different active substances into chitosan shells allows the design of multifunctional materials that effectively combine core and shell properties. Based on the kind of substances to be incorporated, several encapsulation processes have been developed. The literature evidences how the proper choices concerning encapsulation technology, chemical formulations, and process parameter allow tuning the properties and the performances of the obtained microcapsules. Furthermore, the microcapsules based finishing process have been reviewed evidencing how the microcapsules morphology can positively interact with textile substrate allowing an improvement in the durability of the treatment. The application of the chitosan shelled microcapsules was proved to be capable of imparting different functionalities to textile substrates opening possibilities for a new generation of garments with improved performances and with the potential of protecting the user from multiple harms. Lastly, a continuous interest was observed in improving the process and formulation design in order to avoid the usage of toxic substances, therefore, complying with an environmentally friendly approach