Types of poisoning in a tertiary care hospital in center of Iran (2014 to 2017)

The global problem of acute poisoning has steadily increased over the past decade. It is an importantcause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Better preventive and management strategiescan be developed if the incidence and pattern of acute poisoning is known. The study aims at analyzingthe pattern, cause and mortality rate of poisoning.The study was conducted in aurban and rural area in the center of Iran. This retrospective study was conducted fromJanuary 2014-March 2017. The data was analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics.:Out of the 1329 cases 754 were males and 575 females. Poisoning was common in the age group of 21-30 years. The poisons consumed were as follows:63.8 were suicides, 17.8 accidental and 18.4 had a variety of different reasons. Mortality rate was 6.5.The results of the study showed that the highest rate of poisoning in the young age group was due to suicidal ideation. Accurate training for youth and counseling is of particular importance.Establishment of strict policies against the sale and availability of pesticides and over the counter drugs is an effective way to control drug poisoning. © 2019, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved

The frequency of stable fly larvae in the process of producing compost from municipal waste

Various arthropods are active in composting process. One undesirable factor of this process is the growing population of flies among which the stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) are biting and blood sucking insects. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of producing this type of fly in the process of composting in laboratory. This research was a descriptive one in which waste was taken to laboratory. Then, the compostable components were integrated after separation and from the mentioned pile 9 basins were filled in 3 places with each basin containing 20 kilograms of waste. The fly larvae were sampled during the process of composting and samples underwent diagnosis after being taken to the laboratory. Thereafter, the results were compared through charts and tables. From among Diptera order, Muscidae family were the most frequent sample abundant larvae. As a whole, 2657 samples of stable fly larvae were detected and as the time of the process expanded, the number of samples gathered from basin was increased. The highest number of larvae was collected from underground basins. This study demonstrated that in composting process, a lot of arthropods are produced among which stable flies or Stomoxys calcitrans are considered as the most important species for being biting creatures that feed on human and animal blood. Therefore, the sites of producing compost must be established far away from human habitats. © 2018 Parlar Scientific Publications. All Rights Reserved

Introducing of a new sting agent of velvet ant dentilla sp. (hymenoptera: Mutillidae) in Kashan, centerl of Iran (2014-2015)

Background: Velvet ants (Mutillid wasps) are among the venomous and stinging insects, which their existence has been reported from different areas of Iran. Objectives: Since no study has been done so far in Iran in regards to their sting, their clinical complications and their sting are studied for the first time in Kashan. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study that was performed during 2014-2015, 49 individuals stung by velvet ants in the residential areas in Kashan were assessed. Identification of the sting agent was according to the morphologic specifications of the collected samples of the insect in the houses of the injured. Sting complications in the individuals were studied according to the clinical manifestation and the time of the sting, which was from June to September. Results: In this study, the sting agent was identified as velvet ants, Dentilla genus. Most sting cases were in the age group of 11-20 years with 30.5 and the lowest belonged to the age groups of 31-40 and 41-50 years. The first sign of the sting was a severe and sharp pain. The highest percentage of redness in the individuals was 47 in the first day, and the lowest belonged to four or five days after the sting with 2. Intense itching was one of the main symptoms of velvet ant stings. In the final stages of pain and itching, hemolysis and bruise signs were observed as brown spots. Conclusions: Velvet ant stings have not been reported so far from Kashan. Due to the high cases of stinging in the women carpet weaving workshops, their sitting rooms, and bed rooms, it can be concluded that this arthropod is a domestic pest. Therefore, control and prevention of its potential damages must be programmed accordingly. © 2018, Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases

The study of quantity change and composition variations of municipal solid waste in Sareyn as a touristic city to improve municipal solid waste management

Background and Objectives. Investigating the amount and composition of municipal solid waste components, as an essential information, is required to design, operate and optimize the municipal solid waste management systems. The ultimate goal of this research is to explore the quantity change and physical variations of Sareyn municipal solid waste. Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive-cross sectional, conducted. Sampling was simple random and physical analysis was conducted according to the ASTM standard of MSW. Total of 28 samples were taken from the trucks brought to the landfill site. Results: The average amount of MSW production in Sareyn is 19.1 tons each day while the highest amount in summer is 35.1 and the lowest in winter is 10.46. The density of Sareyn MSW in the autumn is in the highest value and in the summer is in the lowest value equal to 386.1 and 349.1 kg / m3 respectively. The putrescible materials; 65.66 percent, have the highest amount, and the rest of the components consisting of plastics, rubbish and trash, paper and paperboard, wood, glass, textiles and metals, respectively. Conclusion: According to the conditions of Sareyn touristic city and in order to provide the required health care, it is necessary to review and plan a proper Municipal Solid Waste Management System, increase the number of collections of MSW during peak periods, locate a new place for landfill, and educate the citizens about the waste reduction and waste separation at the source. © 2019 Widener University School of Civil Engineering. All rights reserved

A survey on nutrient removal in a combined wastewater treatment system in Kashan University of Medical Science, Iran

Recently attention to nutrient removal in the wastewater treatment systems has increased since the entry of nutrients into the environment can cause water resources pollution and other health hazards. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of sewage infiltration system of Kashan Medical Science university in the year 90-91. This study was conducted as a descriptive-periodic study in order to investigate the efficiency of the wastewater treatment system of the Central Campus of Kashan University of Medical Science in the years 2010-2011. The samples were taken in the two seasons of winter and summer and from three zones of the wastewater treatment plant (influent wastewater, wastewater activated sludge process and wastewater maturation pond) in 12 stages of sampling and were carried out on the analysis of ammonia-N, organic nitrogen, nitrate, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The data obtained from the study showed that removal the total efficiency of organic nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal in the two seasons of winter and summer had a significant difference with each other, but regarding ammonia, there was no significant difference in the percentage of removal in the two seasons above (pv>0.05). Furthermore, in the system above the efficiency of nutrient materials removal in the activated sludge process and extended aeration process was more than maturation pond which is due to the higher removal of pathogens in comparison with the nutrient removal in the maturation ponds. Regarding phosphorus, percentage of removal in the activated sludge process in summer was more than that of winter; but in the maturation pond the opposite of this has taken place which is due to more dissolution of phosphorus from the pond floor sludge and its re-entry into the wastewater in the warm seasons of the year. Based on the results obtained from this study, it could be concluded that climactic conditions have more effects on the efficiency of nutrient removal in stabilization ponds compared with the activated sludge process. © EM International

A study on the awareness and attitudes of housewives in Kashan towards the health and food safety

The mean awareness score of the housewives ranged from 0 to 12 and the mean score of 6.16 showed a moderate level of awareness in the women in this study. There was a significant relationship between the education level and the level of awareness and their attitudes. However, no significant relationship was found between the age and the level of awareness and attitude. © 2018 MPH