425 research outputs found
Finite gravitational action for higher derivative and stringy gravities
We generalize the local surface counterterm prescription suggested in
Einstein gravity for higher derivative (HD) and Weyl gravities. Explicitly, the
surface counterterm is found for three- and five-dimensional HD gravities. As a
result, the gravitational action for asymptotically AdS spaces is finite and
gravitational energy-momentum tensor is well-defined. The holographic trace
anomaly for d2 and d4 boundary (gauge) QFT dual to above HD gravity is
calculated from gravitational energy-momentum tensor. The calculation of AdS
black hole mass in HD gravity is presented within above prescrition. The
comparison with the standard prescription (using reference spacetime) is done.Comment: LaTeX file, 21 page
Neutrophil-initiated myocardial inflammation and Its modulation by B-type natriuretic peptide: a potential therapeutic target
Activation of neutrophils is a critically important component of the innate immune response to bacterial and chemical stimuli, and culminates in the “neutrophil burst”, which facilitates neutrophil phagocytosis via the release of superoxide anion radical (O₂-) from NADPH oxidase. Excessive and/or prolonged neutrophil activation results in substantial tissue injury and increases in vascular permeability - resulting in sustained tissue infiltration with neutrophils and monocytes, and persistent vasomotor dysfunction. Cardiovascular examples of such changes include acute and chronic systolic and diastolic heart failure (“heart failure with preserved ejection fraction”), and the catecholamine-induced inflammatory disorder takotsubo syndrome. We have recently demonstrated that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), acting via inhibition of activation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase, is an important negative modulator of the “neutrophil burst”, though its effectiveness in limiting tissue injury is partially lost in acute heart failure. The potential therapeutic implications of these findings, regarding the development of new means of treating both acute and chronic cardiac injury states, are discussed.Saifei Liu, Yuliy Y. Chirkov and John D. Horowit
Duality of Quasilocal Gravitational Energy and Charges with Non-orthogonal Boundaries
We study the duality of quasilocal energy and charges with non-orthogonal
boundaries in the (2+1)-dimensional low-energy string theory. Quasilocal
quantities shown in the previous work and some new variables arisen from
considering the non-orthogonal boundaries as well are presented, and the boost
relations between those quantities are discussed. Moreover, we show that the
dual properties of quasilocal variables such as quasilocal energy density,
momentum densities, surface stress densities, dilaton pressure densities, and
Neuve-Schwarz(NS) charge density, are still valid in the moving observer's
frame.Comment: 19pages, 1figure, RevTe
Levinson's Theorem for Dirac Particles
Levinson's theorem for Dirac particles constraints the sum of the phase
shifts at threshold by the total number of bound states of the Dirac equation.
Recently, a stronger version of Levinson's theorem has been proven in which the
value of the positive- and negative-energy phase shifts are separately
constrained by the number of bound states of an appropriate set of
Schr\"odinger-like equations. In this work we elaborate on these ideas and show
that the stronger form of Levinson's theorem relates the individual phase
shifts directly to the number of bound states of the Dirac equation having an
even or odd number of nodes. We use a mean-field approximation to Walecka's
scalar-vector model to illustrate this stronger form of Levinson's theorem. We
show that the assignment of bound states to a particular phase shift should be
done, not on the basis of the sign of the bound-state energy, but rather, in
terms of the nodal structure (even/odd number of nodes) of the bound state.Comment: Latex with Revtex, 7 postscript figures (available from the author),
SCRI-06109
Self-consistent description of nuclear compressional modes
Isoscalar monopole and dipole compressional modes are computed for a variety
of closed-shell nuclei in a relativistic random-phase approximation to three
different parametrizations of the Walecka model with scalar self-interactions.
Particular emphasis is placed on the role of self-consistency which by itself,
and with little else, guarantees the decoupling of the spurious
isoscalar-dipole strength from the physical response and the conservation of
the vector current. A powerful new relation is introduced to quantify the
violation of the vector current in terms of various ground-state form-factors.
For the isoscalar-dipole mode two distinct regions are clearly identified: (i)
a high-energy component that is sensitive to the size of the nucleus and scales
with the compressibility of the model and (ii) a low-energy component that is
insensitivity to the nuclear compressibility. A fairly good description of both
compressional modes is obtained by using a ``soft'' parametrization having a
compression modulus of K=224 MeV.Comment: 28 pages and 10 figures; submitted to PR
Medium Modification to the -Meson Mass in the Walecka Model
We calculate the effective mass of the meson in nuclear matter in a
relativistic random-phase approximation to the Walecka model. The dressing of
the meson propagator is driven by its coupling to particle-hole pairs and
nucleon-antinucleon () excitations. We report a reduction in the
-meson mass of about 170~MeV at nuclear-matter saturation density. This
reduction arises from a competition between the density-dependent
(particle-hole) dressing of the propagator and vacuum polarization (
pairs). While density-dependent effects lead to an increase in the mass
proportional to the classical plasma frequency, vacuum polarization leads to an
even larger reduction caused by the reduced effective nucleon mass in the
medium.Comment: 14 pages in ReVTeX, 3 uuencoded figures are available upon request,
FSU-SCRI-93-132 and ADP-93-223/T14
The Enhancon, Black Holes, and the Second Law
We revisit the physics of five-dimensional black holes constructed from D5-
and D1-branes and momentum modes in type IIB string theory compactified on K3.
Since these black holes incorporate D5-branes wrapped on K3, an enhancon locus
appears in the spacetime geometry. With a `small' number of D1-branes, the
entropy of a black hole is maximised by including precisely half as many
D5-branes as there are D1-branes in the black hole. Any attempts to introduce
more D5-branes, and so reduce the entropy, are thwarted by the appearance of
the enhancon locus above the horizon, which then prevents their approach. The
enhancon mechanism thereby acts to uphold the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
This result generalises: For each type of bound state object which can be made
of both types of brane, we show that a new type of enhancon exists at
successively smaller radii in the geometry, again acting to prevent any
reduction of the entropy just when needed. We briefly explore the appearance of
the enhancon in the black hole interior.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures, latex, epsfig (v2: Fixed trivial typos.
The Collapse of Large Extra Dimensions
In models of spacetime that are the product of a four-dimensional spacetime
with an ``extra'' dimension, there is the possibility that the extra dimension
will collapse to zero size, forming a singularity. We ask whether this collapse
is likely to destroy the spacetime. We argue, by an appeal to the
four-dimensional cosmic censorship conjecture, that--at least in the case when
the extra dimension is homogeneous--such a collapse will lead to a singularity
hidden within a black string. We also construct explicit initial data for a
spacetime in which such a collapse is guaranteed to occur and show how the
formation of a naked singularity is likely avoided.Comment: Uses revtex
Density Dependent Hadron Field Theory
A fully covariant approach to a density dependent hadron field theory is
presented. The relation between in--medium NN interactions and
field--theoretical meson--nucleon vertices is discussed. The medium dependence
of nuclear interactions is described by a functional dependence of the
meson--nucleon vertices on the baryon field operators. As a consequence, the
Euler--Lagrange equations lead to baryon rearrangement self--energies which are
not obtained when only a parametric dependence of the vertices on the density
is assumed. It is shown that the approach is energy--momentum conserving and
thermodynamically consistent. Solutions of the field equations are studied in
the mean--field approximation. Descriptions of the medium dependence in terms
of the baryon scalar and vector density are investigated. Applications to
infinite nuclear matter and finite nuclei are discussed. Density dependent
coupling constants obtained from Dirac--Brueckner calculations with the Bonn
NN-potentials are used. Results from Hartree calculations for energy spectra,
binding energies and charge density distributions of , and
are presented. Comparisons to data strongly support the importance
of rearrangement in a relativistic density dependent field theory. Most
striking is the simultanuous improvement of charge radii, charge densities and
binding energies. The results indicate the appearance of a new "Coester line"
in the nuclear matter equation of state.Comment: 48 LateX pages, 12 Figures, figures and full paper are available as
postscript files by anonymous ftp at ftp://theorie.physik.uni-giessen.de/dd
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