Chascomús : structure and functioning of a turbid pampean shallow lake

La laguna Chascomús es un típico lago somero, eutrófico y turbio de la Pampa Deprimida. Se encuentra permanentemente mezclada y presenta un grado elevado de homogeneidad espacial. La alternancia entre períodos de déficit y de exceso de agua, característica de la región, determina que la laguna sufra ciclos periódicos de sequía e inundación. Las primeras crónicas indican que a principios del siglo XX la laguna era turbia y que las primeras matas de vegetación habrían aparecido después de las inundaciones de 1913 y 1914. Hacia mediados del siglo XX, Chascomús se encontraba en un estado de aguas claras y colonizada de manera profusa por macrófitas. En ese momento, aproximadamente 60% de la biomasa de peces correspondía al pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis). En las últimas décadas, esta condición se modificó y en la actualidad la laguna está estabilizada en un estado turbio en el que la producción primaria fitoplanctónica es muy alta y se encuentra limitada por luz. La biomasa de fitoplancton representa el 75% del carbono de la columna de agua y predominan las cianobacterias nanoplanctónicas. Estudios de campo y experimentos en mesocosmos indican que la transparencia del agua está controlada por la cantidad de radiación incidente a través de una retroalimentación negativa con la producción primaria. La biomasa fitoplanctónica elevada se mantiene debido a la ausencia de un control efectivo por parte del zooplancton herbívoro. Como resultado de la presión de depredación que ejerce la comunidad actual de peces, la composición del zooplancton no presenta filtradores eficientes (e.g., Daphnia y otros cladóceros de gran tamaño). En la actualidad el pejerrey representa un porcentaje muy bajo de la biomasa total de peces (0.04%), mientras que los micrófagos omnívoros, como el sabalito (Cyphocharax voga), son dominantes. La dominancia del sabalito no sólo explicaría la baja abundancia del zooplancton, sino que al mismo tiempo contribuiría a evitar o retardar la consolidación del material sedimentado.Laguna Chascomús is an eutrophic, turbid, shallow lake typical of the Flooding Pampa region of Argentina. This shallow lake is permanently mixed and displays a high degree of spatial homogeneity. The cyclical periods of excess and shortage of rain, characteristic of this area, result in periodic drying and flooding events. According to newspaper articles published during the first half of the XX century, the lake was originally turbid. The first patches of rooted vegetation appeared after the 1913 y 1914 floods. During most part of the XX century the lake remained in a “clear”, vegetated state. During this period the dominant fish species was the silverside (pejerrey), Odontesthes bonariensis, which accounted for over 60% of the total fish catches (in biomass). Instead, by the end of the latest century the lake shifted to a turbid state that persisted until present. Currently, the phytoplankton primary production is limited by light and its values are among the highest ones reported for natural aquatic systems. In light limited systems, the transparency may be expected to be controlled by the amount of incident light, through a negative feedback loop with primary production. These predictions have been confirmed, both in mesocosm experiments and “in situ”. The phytoplankton biomass, dominated by nanoplanktonic cyanobacteria accounts for 75% of the total amount of carbon in the water column. The equilibrium predicted by the light limitation theory could not hold if the model assumptions were violated. This situation could happen if the phytoplankton biomass were controlled by herbivore zooplankton. However, such a control of primary producer by herbivores seems to be precluded due to the absence of large-sized zooplankton grazers, presumably due to the composition of the fish assemblage. In contrast to earlier reports of the 1960, the proportion of pejerrey biomass is presently quite low (0.04%), while presently the community is dominated by omnivore microphagous, such as the sabalito (Cyphocharax voga). The dominance of sabalito could not only explain the composition of the zooplankton community, but it also could contribute to prevent or delay the consolidation of sediments

Preface: Shallow lakes from the Central Plains of Argentina

This special issue of Hydrobiologia is devoted to the shallow lakes of the Central Plains of Argentina. The contributors were invited to submit papers dealing with different ecological topics including physical features, climatic and geological characteristics of the region, as well as studies focusing on aquatic communities (fish, zooplankton, phytoplankton and microbial components).Fil: Izaguirre, Irina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Miranda, Leandro Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Perillo, Gerardo Miguel E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (i); ArgentinaFil: Piccolo, Maria Cintia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (i); ArgentinaFil: Zagarese, Horacio Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (sede Chascomús); Argentin

Shallow lakes from the Central Plains of Argentina: an overview and worldwide comparative analysis of their basic limnological features

The Central Plains of Argentina is a heterogeneous environment, but the lakes there share some fundamental features: they are all shallow and polymictic as being well exposed to wind. First, we provide a synthesis of the climate, geology, and hydrological network. We also discussed shallow lakes origin and their limnological and biological salient features. Second, we focus on Pampean shallow lakes from a global perspective, comparing the limnological variables: total phosphorus concentration (TP), total nitrogen concentration (TN), chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations, and Secchi disk reading (SD) from a compiled database. No significant differences in the Chl a vs. TP relationship were found between Pampean and other shallow lakes. Otherwise, the chlorophyll yield per unit of phosphorus of Pampean lakes is similar to the world shallow lakes average. Moreover, the relationship SD vs. Chl a differed significantly between Pampean and the remaining world lakes, about 50–60%. When confronted against other lakes worldwide, Pampean shallow lakes depart from most of them as having higher TP, TN, and Chl a concentrations and much lower SD transparency, and therefore they stand as extremes of the trophic-state continuum. Despite their highly turbid state, these lakes provide valuable ecosystem services that are highly appreciated and mobilize important economic resources.Fil: Diovisalvi, Nadia Rosalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Bohn, Vanesa Yael. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geografía y Turismo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Piccolo, Maria Cintia. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geografía y Turismo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Perillo, Gerardo Miguel E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología; ArgentinaFil: Baigún, Claudio Rafael M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Zagarese, Horacio Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas ; Argentin

Quality of UVR exposure for different biological systems along a latitudinal gradient

The exposure of organisms to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is characterized by the climatology (annual cycle) and the variance (anomalies) of biologically-weighted irradiances at eight geographical locations in austral South America, from 1995-2002. The net effect of UVR on biological systems is a result of the balance of damage and repair which depends on intensity and duration of irradiance and is modulated by its variability. The emphasis in this study is on day-to-day variability, a time scale of importance to adaptive strategies that counteract UVR damage. The irradiances were weighted with DNA- and phytoplankton photosynthesis-action spectra. Low latitude sites show high average UVR. For all sites, the frequency of days with above average irradiances is higher than below average irradiances. Persistence in anomalies is generally low (≤0.36 autocorrelation coefficient), but higher for DNA- than phytoplankton photosynthesis-weighted irradiances due to their higher correspondence to

Patterns of CO2 concentration and inorganic carbon limitation of phytoplankton biomass in agriculturally eutrophic lakes

Lake eutrophication is a pervasive problem globally, particularly serious in agricultural and densely pop- ulated areas. Whenever nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus do not limit phytoplankton growth directly, high growth rates will rapidly lead to biomass increases causing self-shading and light-limitation, and eventually CO2 depletion. The paradigm of phytoplankton limitation by nutrients and light is so perva- sively established, that the lack of nutrient limitation is ordinarily interpreted as sufficient evidence for the condition of light limitation, without considering the possibility of limitation by inorganic carbon. Here, we firstly evaluated how frequently CO2 undersaturation occurs in a set of eutrophic lakes in the Pampa plains. Our results confirm that conditions of CO2 undersaturation develop much more frequently (yearly 34%, summer 44%) in these agriculturally impacted lakes than in deep, temperate lakes in forested watersheds. Secondly, we used Generalized Additive Models to fit trends in CO2 concentration considering three drivers: total incident irradiance, chlorophyll a concentration, and lake depth; in eight multi-year datasets from eutrophic lakes from Europe, North and South America, Asia and New Zealand. CO2 deple- tion was more often observed at high irradiance levels, and shallow water. CO2 depletion also occurred at high chlorophyll concentration. Finally, we identified occurrences of light- and carbon-limitation at the whole-lake scale. The different responses of chlorophyll a and CO2 allowed us to develop criteria for detecting conditions of CO2 limitation. For the first time, we pro- vided whole-lake evidence of carbon limitation of phytoplankton biomass. CO2 increases and eutrophi- cation represent two major and converging environmental problems that have additive and contrasting effects, promoting phytoplankton, and also leading to carbon depletion. Their interactions deserve further exploration and imaginative approaches to deal with their effects

The Editorial Board of Photochemistry and Photobiology

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