Elaboración de materiales docentes para la adquisición y evaluación de competencias de tecnología medioambiental y desarrollo sostenible en Ingeniería Química

Depto. de Ingeniería Química y de MaterialesFac. de Ciencias QuímicasFALSEsubmitte

Vídeo impresión 3D prisma T-IONO-4B

Vídeo-impresión 3D prisma triangular T-IONO-4B. Adjunto de la Tesis Doctoral titulada: "Formulación de ionogeles e hidrogeles de celulosa procedente del fraccionamiento de la madera y su aplicación en la impresión 3D" de Cynthia Hopson

Formulación de ionogeles e hidrogeles de celulosa procedente del fraccionamiento de la madera y su aplicación en la impresión 3D

The search of new materials associated with the needs of both technological and environmental challenges has led to the growth of gel-type materials, whose functionalities cover a wide range of applications: electrochemical devices, biosensors, wound dressings, etc. Cellulose, a biopolymer widely used in the field of gels, is a good substitute for petroleum-derived polymers due to its biodegradability, renewability, and good mechanical properties. One of the main sources of cellulose is lignocellulosic biomass. Ionic liquids (ILs), which are organic salts formed by an inorganic anion and an organic cation whose melting point is below 100 ºC, have been and continue to be studied for cellulose dissolution. A gel-like material called ionogel is obtained from cellulose and IL solutions. Ionogels are being widely developed in the area of electrochemistry due to their thermal stability, high conductivity, and versatility (multiple anion-cation combinations). In addition, another material called hydrogel can be obtained from these ionogels, in which the dispersed or liquid phase becomes water instead of an IL, obtaining a material suitable for biomedical applications. In recent years, 3D printing of gels has gained increasing attention and is driving important innovations in many areas, due to the viscoelastic properties of gels and their manufacturing versatility, because of the different types of inks that can be formulated (light-curable inks, bioinks, etc.). 3D printing is the process of manufacturing an object layer by layer from a computer-designed 3D file that makes it possible to manufacture, in this case, customized gels. The formulation of ionogels and cellulose hydrogels is an important advance in the development of materials for 3D printing, more beneficial to the environment by using a biopolymer...La búsqueda de nuevos materiales asociada a las necesidades de los retos planteados tanto en el ámbito tecnológico como en el medioambiental ha propiciado el crecimiento de los materiales tipo gel, cuyas funcionalidades cubren un amplio abanico de aplicaciones en dispositivos electroquímicos, biosensores, apósitos, etc. La celulosa, un biopolímero ampliamente utilizado en el campo de los geles, es un buen sustituto de los polímeros derivados del petróleo debido a su biodegradabilidad, renovabilidad y buenas propiedades mecánicas. Una de las principales fuentes de celulosa es la biomasa lignocelulósica. Para la disolución de la celulosa se han estudiado y se siguen estudiando los líquidos iónicos (LIs), que son sales orgánicas formadas por un anión inorgánico y un catión orgánico cuyo punto de fusión es inferior a 100 ºC. A partir de las disoluciones de celulosa y LI se obtiene un material tipo gel denominado ionogel. Estos materiales se están desarrollando ampliamente en el área de la electroquímica debido a su estabilidad térmica, alta conductividad y versatilidad (múltiples combinaciones anión-catión). Además, a partir de dichos ionogeles se puede obtener otro material denominado hidrogel, en el cual la fase líquida pasa a ser agua en lugar de un LI, consiguiendo un material apto para aplicaciones biomédicas...Fac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEunpu

Vídeo impresión 3D prisma T-ORG-6.

Vídeo impresión 3D prisma T-ORG-6. Adjunto de la Tesis Doctoral titulada: "Formulación de ionogeles e hidrogeles de celulosa procedente del fraccionamiento de la madera y su aplicación en la impresión 3D" de Cynthia Hopson

Vídeo impresión 3D malla T-IONO-4B

Vídeo donde se muestra la impresión 3D de una malla impresa a partir de la tinta T-IONO-4B. Asociado a la Tesis Doctoral titulada "Formulación de ionogeles e hidrogeles de celulosa procedente del fraccionamiento de la madera y su aplicación en la impresión 3D"

Vídeo-I-KRAFT-4 reutilización_Fundir

Vídeo muestra I-KRAFT-4 reutilización. Adjunto de la Tesis Doctoral titulada: "Formulación de ionogeles e hidrogeles de celulosa procedente del fraccionamiento de la madera y su aplicación en la impresión 3D" de Cynthia Hopson

Purification and characterization of a native lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Thermoascus aurantiacus.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have emerged as key proteins for depolymerization of cellulose. These copper-containing enzymes oxidize C-1 and/or C-4 bonds in cellulose, promoting increased hydrolysis of the oxidized cellulose chains. The LPMO from Thermoascus aurantiacus, a thermophilic ascomycete fungus, has been extensively studied and has served as a model LPMO. A method was developed to purify the LPMO from culture filtrates of T. aurantiacus along with its native cellobiohydrolase and endoglucanase. The activity of the purified LPMO was measured with a colorimetric assay that established the Topt of the native LPMO at 60 °C. Purification of the components of the T. aurantiacus cellulase mixture also enabled quantification of the amounts of cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase and LPMO present in the T. aurantiacus culture filtrate, establishing that the LPMO was the most abundant protein in the culture supernatants. The importance of the LPMO to activity of the mixture was demonstrated by saccharifications with Avicel and acid-pretreated corn stover

CAZymes from the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus are induced by C5 and C6 sugars

Background Filamentous fungi are excellent lignocellulose degraders, which they achieve through producing carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes). CAZyme production is highly orchestrated and gene expression analysis has greatly expanded understanding of this important biotechnological process. The thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus secretes highly active thermostable enzymes that enable saccharifications at higher temperatures; however, the genome-wide measurements of gene expression in response to CAZyme induction are not understood. Results A fed-batch system with plant biomass-derived sugars d-xylose, l-arabinose and cellobiose established that these sugars induce CAZyme expression in T. aurantiacus. The C5 sugars induced both cellulases and hemicellulases, while cellobiose specifically induced cellulases. A minimal medium formulation was developed to enable gene expression studies of T. aurantiacus with these inducers. It was found that d-xylose and l-arabinose strongly induced a wide variety of CAZymes, auxiliary activity (AA) enzymes and carbohydrate esterases (CEs), while cellobiose facilitated lower expression of mostly cellulase genes. Furthermore, putative orthologues of different unfolded protein response genes were up-regulated during the C5 sugar feeding together with genes in the C5 sugar assimilation pathways. Conclusion This work has identified two additional CAZyme inducers for T. aurantiacus, l-arabinose and cellobiose, along with d-xylose. A combination of biochemical assays and RNA-seq measurements established that C5 sugars induce a suite of cellulases and hemicellulases, providing paths to produce broad spectrum thermotolerant enzymatic mixtures.ISSN:1754-683

CAZymes from the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus are induced by C5 and C6 sugars

Background: Filamentous fungi are excellent lignocellulose degraders, which they achieve through producing carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes). CAZyme production is highly orchestrated and gene expression analysis has greatly expanded understanding of this important biotechnological process. The thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus secretes highly active thermostable enzymes that enable saccharifications at higher temperatures; however, the genome-wide measurements of gene expression in response to CAZyme induction are not understood. Results: A fed-batch system with plant biomass-derived sugars D-xylose, L-arabinose and cellobiose established that these sugars induce CAZyme expression in T. aurantiacus. The C5 sugars induced both cellulases and hemicellulases, while cellobiose specifically induced cellulases. A minimal medium formulation was developed to enable gene expression studies of T. aurantiacus with these inducers. It was found that d-xylose and L-arabinose strongly induced a wide variety of CAZymes, auxiliary activity (AA) enzymes and carbohydrate esterases (CEs), while cellobiose facilitated lower expression of mostly cellulase genes. Furthermore, putative orthologues of different unfolded protein response genes were up-regulated during the C5 sugar feeding together with genes in the C5 sugar assimilation pathways. Conclusion: This work has identified two additional CAZyme inducers for T. aurantiacus, L-arabinose and cellobiose, along with D-xylose. A combination of biochemical assays and RNA-seq measurements established that C5 sugars induce a suite of cellulases and hemicellulases, providing paths to produce broad spectrum thermotolerant enzymatic mixtures