71 research outputs found

    Faciliter la téléopération d'un robot mobile non-holonome (application au maintien à domicile des personnes âgées)

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    Le maintien de personnes âgées au domicile le plus longtemps possible est censé apporter une réponse à la croissance de l espérance de vie en occident et a des coûts toujours croissants pour la société. ce travail de thèse a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet CompanionAble, qui vise a fournir une solution intégrée maison intelligente - robot aux personnes âgées, vivant seules. L'objectif est de maintenir un confort en fin de vie à un niveau élevé et à traiter les situations dangereuses pour elles, comme les chutes, avant que les conséquences ne deviennent trop importantes. Les éléments qui m intéressent dans ce cadre sont le robot et l opérateur, qui se trouve à l extérieur de la maison, et qui peut téléopérer le robot en vue d interagir avec la personne âgée, soit pour des activités ludiques (visioconférence, exercices de stimulation cognitive), soit pour des situations d urgence (chute, perte de connaissance de la personne âgée). Pour maintenir les coûts du système à un niveau raisonnable, on a envisagé l utilisation de l internet public pour la connexion entre le site maître (où se trouve l opérateur) et le site esclave (où se trouve le robot). Une autre spécificité du notre système est le fait que les utilisateurs ne sont pas des spécialistes de la téléopération. J ai donc cherché à faciliter la tâche de pilotage du robot, dans ce contexte spécifique. Du côté de l interface, on a cherché à aider l opérateur traitant les problèmes liés aux délais de transmission (possibles à cause de l utilisation de l internet) et lui donner la possibilité d utiliser une interface écologique, qui utilise des éléments de réalité augmentée. Du côté du robot, on a rajouté un nouveau mode de commande, semi-autonome, pour que l opérateur soit plus à l aise pendant qu il le déplace. Pour finir, on a examiné la possibilité de passer d un mode de commande à un autre, pour que l opérateur soit le moins affecté que possible par des perturbations et que les performances du système restent acceptables. Les solutions proposées ont été implantée sur un système réel et évaluées au laboratoire et en situations réelles dans le cadre du projet européen CompanionAble.Enabling older people to live in their homes as long as possible is supposed to respond to the growth of life expectancy in the west and the increasing costs to society. The present thesis was conducted in the framework of the companionable, which aims to provide an integrated smart home - robot for the elderly, which are living alone. The objective is to maintain the end of life comfort at a high level and to deal with dangerous situations for them, such as falls, before the consequences become too costly. The elements that interest me in this context are the robot and the remote operator, which is outside the home, and can teleoperate the robot to interact with the elderly, for recreational activities ( videoconferencing, cognitive stimulation exercises) or for emergency situations (falls, loss of consciousness, etc.). To keep the system costs to a reasonable level, we considered using the public internet as the connection between the master site (where the operator is) and the slave site (where the robot is). another unique feature of our system is that users are not specialists in teleoperation. As such, i tried to ease the task of controlling the robot, in this specific context. On the remote control interface side, we tried to help the operator in dealing with the problems associated with transmission delays (due to the possible use of the internet) and we gave him/her the option of using an ecological interface, which uses elements of augmented reality. On the robot side, we added a new command mode, semi-autonomous, so that the operator is more at ease as he/she controls the robot. finally, we examined the possibility of switching from one control mode to another, so that the operator is the least affected by possible disturbances and system performance is kept acceptable. The proposed solutions have been implemented on a real system and evaluated in the laboratory and in real situations, in the framework of the european CompanionAble project.EVRY-Bib. électronique (912289901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    An Original Approach for a Better Remote Control of an Assistive Robot

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    Many researches have been done in the field of assistive robotics in the last few years. The first application field was helping with the disabled people\\u27s assistance. Different works have been performed on robotic arms in three kinds of situations. In the first case, static arm, the arm was principally dedicated to office tasks like telephone, fax... Several autonomous modes exist which need to know the precise position of objects. In the second configuration, the arm is mounted on a wheelchair. It follows the person who can employ it in more use cases. But if the person must stay in her/his bed, the arm is no more useful. In a third configuration, the arm is mounted on a separate platform. This configuration allows the largest number of use cases but also poses more difficulties for piloting the robot. The second application field of assistive robotics deals with the assistance at home of people losing their autonomy, for example a person with cognitive impairment. In this case, the assistance deals with two main points: security and cognitive stimulation. In order to ensure the safety of the person at home, different kinds of sensors can be used to detect alarming situations (falls, low cardiac pulse rate...). For assisting a distant operator in alarm detection, the idea is to give him the possibility to have complementary information from a mobile robot about the person\\u27s activity at home and to be in contact with the person. Cognitive stimulation is one of the therapeutic means used to maintain as long as possible the maximum of the cognitive capacities of the person. In this case, the robot can be used to bring to the person cognitive stimulation exercises and stimulate the person to perform them. To perform these tasks, it is very difficult to have a totally autonomous robot. In the case of disabled people assistance, it is even not the will of the persons who want to act by themselves. The idea is to develop a semi-autonomous robot that a remote operator can manually pilot with some driving assistances. This is a realistic and somehow desired solution. To achieve that, several scientific problems have to be studied. The first one is human-machine-cooperation. How a remote human operator can control a robot to perform a desired task? One of the key points is to permit the user to understand clearly the way the robot works. Our original approach is to analyse this understanding through appropriation concept introduced by Piaget in 1936. As the robot must have capacities of perceptio

    D'émotion et de GRACE (vers un modèle computationnel unifié des émotions)

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    Les psychologues (comme A. Damasio, K. R. Scherer, P. Ekman) ont montré que l émotion est un élément essentiel dans la prise de décision, dans l évolution des capacités d apprentissage et de création, dans l interaction sociale. Il est donc naturel de s'intéresser à l'expression d'émotions dans le cadre de l'interaction homme-machine. Nous avons proposé dans un premier temps le modèle GRACE, modèle générique des émotions pour les applications computationnelles. Nous nous sommes basés en particulier sur la théorie psychologique de K. R. Scherer, qui cherche à produire une théorie des processus émotionnels qui soit modélisable et calculable. La pertinence de notre modèle a été vérifiée et validée via une comparaison avec différents modèles computationnels existants. Si le modèle GRACE est générique, nous nous sommes attachés à montrer qu il pouvait s instancier dans un contexte particulier, en l occurrence l interaction homme-robot utilisant la modalité musicale. Nous nous sommes intéressés pour cela d une part à la conception d un module d analyse du contenu émotionnel d une séquence musicale, d autre part à la conception de mouvements émotionnellement expressifs pour un robot mobile. Du point de vue de l analyse musicale, la contribution principale de la thèse porte sur la proposition d un ensemble réduit d indicateurs musicaux et sur la validation du module d analyse sur une base de données de grande taille conçue par un expert en musicologie. Du point de vue de la robotique, nous avons pu montrer expérimentalement qu un robot avec des capacités expressives très limitées (déplacements, mouvements de caméra) pouvait néanmoins exprimer de manière satisfaisante un ensemble réduit d émotions simples (joie, colère, tristesse, sérénité).Emotion, as psychologists argue (like A. Damasio, K. R. Scherer, P. Ekman), is an essential factor for human beings in making decision, learning, inventing things, and interacting with others. Based on this statement, researchers in Human-Machine Interaction have been interested in adding emotional abilities to their applications. With the same goal of studying emotional abilities, we propose, in our work, a model of emotions named GRACE, which helps in modelling emotions in computational applications. We based our model on the work of psychologist Klaus R. Scherer, who intensively searches to form a generic model of emotion applicable to computational domain (like informatics, robotics, etc.). We demonstrate the pertinence of our model by comparing it to other existing models of emotions in the field of informatics and robotics. In this thesis, we also worked on the instantiation of GRACE, in particular the components Cognitive Interpretation and Expression. These two components have been developed to be applied in the context of interacting with users using music. To develop Cognitive Interpretation, we worked on the extraction of emotional content in musical excerpts. Our contribution consists in proposing a reduced number of musical features to efficiently extract the emotional content in music, and in validating them via a learning system with a large database designed by a musicologist. For Expression, we have worked on the design of emotional moves of a mobile robot. Through very limited moves (moves in space, camera moves), we have shown that with dance-inspired motions, the robot could efficiently convey basic emotions (i.e. happiness, sadness, anger, serenity) to people.EVRY-Bib. électronique (912289901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Force feedback stabilization for remote control of an assistive mobile robot

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    International audienceIn this paper, we consider a bilateral control of an assistive mobile robot over communication channels with constant/variable time delays. The mobile robot is used for exploring a domestic environment. The main purpose of the present work is to help the human in controlling better the slave robot. In addition, the proposed control scheme improves the operator perception of the remote environment. The human-operator can actively control the mobile robot, using its intrinsic sensors, and ''feel" the robot's environment. The haptic device is used like a joystick and controls the linear velocity and heading angle of the mobile robot. Many experiments have been performed to validate the proposed control scheme, and to show, in the same time, the importance of the force feedback in such applications and accessibility situations : doorways, obstacle exploration, wall tracking, etc

    High level assisted control mode based on SLAM for a remotely controlled robot

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    International audienceOne aim of ambient assistive technologies is to reduce long term hospitalization for elderly people, especially with pathologies such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The smart environment assists these people and their families with safety and cognitive stimulation, so they stay as long as possible at home. The originality comes from using the robot in the elderly person's home. This robot is remote controlled by a distant user, a therapist or a relative, for determining alarming situations or for participating in stimulation exercises. Several modes are available for controlling the robot. This paper deals with an assisted control mode in which the remote user gives to the robot one goal and the robot reaches the goal by itself. During the robot movement, the user can dynamically change the current goal. An important hypothesis is that the robot has no a priori knowledge of its environment at the beginning. The knowledge will increase with time and the planned trajectory will be refreshed at two levels: a local one - faster but not always sufficient - and a global one - slower but which always finds a path if one exists. The idea is to work only with local information, using the robot sensors, the operator keeping the high level control. To assure that control, the remote operator uses video feedback and information from a laser range scanner

    RÉSOLUTIONS D’EQUATIONS DU PREMIER DEGRÉ EN IUT GEII - ETM DE RÉFÉRENCE DES ETUDIANTS

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    International audienceÀ l’entrée en IUT, certains étudiants rencontrent des difficultés dans la manipulation des expressions algébriques en général et pour la résolution des équations du premier degré en particulier. L’objectif de ce travail est de mesurer si ces étudiants ont conscience qu’ils sont en présence d’une équation du premier degré lorsqu’ils se retrouvent face à certaines questions. Il montre qu’un nombre important d’étudiants ne reconnaissent pas les équations qui leur sont proposées comme des équations du premier degré

    RÉSOLUTIONS D’EQUATIONS DU PREMIER DEGRÉ EN IUT GEII - ETM DE RÉFÉRENCE DES ETUDIANTS

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    International audienceÀ l’entrée en IUT, certains étudiants rencontrent des difficultés dans la manipulation des expressions algébriques en général et pour la résolution des équations du premier degré en particulier. L’objectif de ce travail est de mesurer si ces étudiants ont conscience qu’ils sont en présence d’une équation du premier degré lorsqu’ils se retrouvent face à certaines questions. Il montre qu’un nombre important d’étudiants ne reconnaissent pas les équations qui leur sont proposées comme des équations du premier degré

    Conférence HANDICAP 2006

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