De productie van aceton volgens de Wacker-route

Document uit de collectie Chemische ProcestechnologieDelftChemTechApplied Science

Taludbekledingen van gezette steen: Grondmechanische stabiliteit in de golfzone; diverse aspecten

Aspecten van grondmechanische stabiliteit zonder verweking.Steenzettingen - TAW/EN

Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting. Part 2: Reliability of water accounting results for policy decisions in the Awash basin

Water Accounting Plus (WAC) is a framework that summarizes complex hydrological processes and water management issues in river basins. The framework is designed to use satellite-based measurements of land and water variables and processes as input data. A general concern associated with the use of satellite measurements is their accuracy. This study focuses on the impact of the error in remote sensing measurements on water accounting and information provided to policy makers. The Awash Basin in the central Rift Valley in Ethiopia is used as a case study to explore the reliability of WAC outputs, in the light of input data errors. The Monte Carlo technique was used for stochastic simulation of WAC outputs over a period of 3 yr. The results show that the stochastic mean of the majority of WAC parameters and performance indicators are within 5% deviation from the original WAC values based on one single calculation. Stochastic computation is proposed as a standard procedure for WAC water accounting because it provides the uncertainty bandwidth for every WAC output, which is essential information for sound decision-making processes. The majority of WAC parameters and performance indicators have a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 20 %, which implies that they are reliable and provide consistent information on the functioning of the basin. The results of the Awash Basin also indicate that the utilized flow and basin closure fraction (the degree to which available water in a basin is utilized) have a high margin of error and thus a low reliability. As such, the usefulness of them in formulating important policy decisions for the Awash Basin is limited. Other river basins will usually have a more accurate assessment of the discharge in the river mouth.Water ManagementCivil Engineering and Geoscience

The 3D cadastre prototype and pilot in the Russian Federation

This paper presents the developed prototype and the planned pilot of the on-going project on 3D cadastre modelling in the Russian Federation. The aim of this project is to provide guidance in the development of 3D Cadastral registration and to create favourable legal and institutional conditions for the introduction of a 3D cadastre. The Russian Federation has a strong drive towards a 3D cadastre for better registration of complex buildings, or other types of constructions, and subsurface networks (e.g., cables and pipelines). After the recent completion of the design of a 3D Cadastral model, the project is currently in the phase of testing this design via a pilot based on the developed prototype system. The test data, including selected 3D cases, is from Nizhny Novgorod (about 400 km east of Moscow), which has been selected as pilot region in this project. The selected 3D cases are representative 3D cadastral objects related to buildings (units) and pipelines. The initial prototype focuses on the presentation of 3D information of cadastral objects. Therefore a web browser based solution has been developed, in which the 3D visualization and interaction is implemented with the BS Contact plug-in from Bitmanagement (www.bitmanagement.com). This includes functionality to: display and interact with the various pilot objects in 3D (rotate, zoom, select, etc.), connection of 3D actions to existing 2D cadastral portal (maps.rosreestr.ru/Portal), display administrative data (show id, cadastral number), alphanumerical selection on multiple attributes (owner name, id of cadastral object, address, etc.), ability to configure ‘hide / show’ privacy data (depending on user), show / hide layers (including reference data such as 2D cadastral map, topographic map, or areal photograph), offer link to photograph of selected 3D building, interface in Russian language, etc. The pilot will further be used to evaluate the possible future workflow around 3D parcels in Russia: accepting newly registered 3D parcels, and correctly storing them into the database for possible future access. The experiences from the pilot will be used to prepare the guidelines for the future 3D registration: both the legal aspects and the technical workflow.OTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen

Impact of the Absorber-Coupling Design for Transition-Edge-Sensor X-Ray Calorimeters

Transition-edge sensors (TESs) are the selected technology for future spaceborne x-ray observatories, such as Athena, Lynx, and HUBS. These missions demand thousands of pixels to be operated simultaneously with high energy-resolving power. To reach these demanding requirements, every aspect of the TES design has to be optimized. Here we present the experimental results of tests on different devices where the coupling between the x-ray absorber and the TES is varied. In particular, we look at the effects of the diameter of the coupling stems and the distance between the stems and the TES bilayer. Based on measurements of the ac complex impedance and noise, we observe a reduction in the excess noise as the spacing between the absorber stem and the bilayer is decreased. We identify the origin of this excess noise to be internal thermal fluctuation noise between the absorber stem and the bilayer. In addition, we see an impact of the coupling on the superconducting transition in the appearance of kinks. Our observations show that these unwanted structures in the transition shape can be avoided with careful design of the coupling geometry. The stem diameter appears to have a significant effect on the smoothness of the TES transition. This observation is still poorly understood, but is of great importance for both ac and dc biased TESs.ImPhys/Optic

Russian-Dutch project "3D cadastre modelling in Russia"

GIS TechnologyOTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen