Slurry-Fabricable Li+-Conductive Polymeric Binders for Practical All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries Enabled by Solvate Ionic Liquids

For mass production of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASLBs) employing highly Li+ conductive and mechanically sinterable sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs), the wet-slurry process is imperative. Unfortunately, the poor chemical stability of sulfide SEs severely restrict available candidates for solvents and in turn polymeric binders. Moreover, the binders interrupt Li+-ionic contacts at interfaces, resulting in the below par electrochemical performance. In this work, a new scalable slurry fabrication protocol for sheet-type ASLB electrodes made of Li+-conductive polymeric binders is reported. The use of intermediatepolarity solvent (e.g., dibromomethane) for the slurry allows for accommodating Li6PS5Cl and solvate-ionic-liquid-based polymeric binders (NBR-Li(G3) TFSI, NBR: nitrile-butadiene rubber, G3: triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, LiTFSI: lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide) together without suffering from undesirable side reactions or phase separation. The LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 and Li4Ti5O12 electrodes employing NBR-Li(G3) TFSI show high capacities of 174 and 160 mA h g(-1) at 30 degrees C, respectively, which are far superior to those using conventional NBR (144 and 76 mA h g(-1)). Moreover, high areal capacity of 7.4 mA h cm(-2) is highlighted for the LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2 electrodes with ultrahigh mass loading of 45 mg cm(-2). The facilitated Li+-ionic contacts at interfaces paved by NBR-Li(G3) TFSI are evidenced by the complementary analysis from electrochemical and 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance measurements

Tactical hybrids of Li+-conductive dry polymer electrolytes with sulfide solid electrolytes: Toward practical all-solid-state batteries with wider temperature operability

The chemical vulnerability of sulfide solid electrolyte (SE) materials to organic polar solvents complicates the wet-slurry fabrication of sheet-type electrodes and SE films for practical all-solidstate Li batteries (ASLBs). Moreover, the disruption of interfacial Li+ conduction by binders is problematic. This could be relieved by blending with liquid electrolytes but at the expense of the ASLBs' thermal stability. In this study, a new tactical approach to hybridize sulfide SEs with thermally stable and slurry-fabricable dry polymer electrolyte (DPE)-type binders is reported. Along with their practicability, ester solvents bearing bulky hydrocarbons, such as benzyl acetate, dissolve both polymers and Li salts (e.g., LiTFSI) while undamaging sulfide SEs. The use of the DPE-type binder, NALiTFSI (NA: nitrile butadiene rubber-poly(1,4-butylene adipate)), for LiNi0.70Co0.15Mn0.15O2 (NCM) electrodes significantly improves their electrochemical performance at 30 ?. Moreover, NA-LiTFSI is highly functional at 70 ? (from 180 to 200 mA h g-1 and from 84.2 to 91.8% for initial Coulombic efficiency) and applicable for other electrodes, such as graphite (from 265 to 330 mA h g-1) and Li4Ti5O12, which is in stark contrast to the solvate ionic liquid-type binder Li(G3)TFSI. Finally, pouchtype NCM/graphite ASLBs employing electrodes made of NA-LiTFSI binders were also fabricated

Hyperthermia Disturbs and Delays Spontaneous Differentiation of Human Embryoid Bodies

Various types of stress stimuli have been shown to threaten the normal development of embryos during embryogenesis. Prolonged heat exposure is the most common stressor that poses a threat to embryo development. Despite the extensive investigation of heat stress control mechanisms in the cytosol, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) heat stress response remains unclear. In this study, we used human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to examine the effect of heat stress on early embryonic development, specifically alterations in the ER stress response. In a hyperthermic (42 °C) culture, ER stress response genes involved in hESC differentiation were induced within 1 h of exposure, which resulted in disturbed and delayed differentiation. In addition, hyperthermia increased the expression levels of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) genes, which are associated with the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrated that tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a chemical chaperone, mitigated the delayed differentiation under hyperthermia. Our study identified novel gene markers in response to hyperthermia-induced ER stress on hESCs, thereby providing further insight into the mechanisms that regulate human embryogenesis

Marital status of people with epilepsy in Korea

A multicentre face-to-face interview was conducted to identify factors contributing to the marital status of people with epilepsy (PWE) in Korea. The marriage rate of PWEs was only 80% and the divorce rate was more than double that in the general population. Among the single subjects, 34% replied that they were unmarried because of epilepsy, and 76% of divorced PWEs replied that epilepsy was the cause of the divorce. The factors affecting the single and divorced status in PWEs included gender, an earlier onset of seizure and seizure onset before marriage. Not informing the spouse of the disease before marriage for fear of discrimination was not related to disadvantage in marriage negotiation or to divorce. Social stigmatization of epilepsy continues and impacts on the marital status of PWEs in Korea. However, there is no correlation between the perceived and the enacted stigmas of epilepsy.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2010-01/102/2014017262/6SEQ:6PERF_CD:SNU2010-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:2014017262ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A079623DEPT_CD:801CITE_RATE:1.649DEPT_NM:의학과CONFIRM:

Alkali Metal-Mediated Interfacial Charge Redistribution Toward Near-Optimal Water Oxidation

The optimal oxidation state and electronic structure of active sites in an electrocatalyst are critical factors for maximizing water-oxidation kinetics. To this end, we developed a heterostructured electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) comprising La0.5Sr0.5CoO3????? and Li2MoO4 (LSC/LMO) with optimized oxidation states for active metal sites using an alkali metal mediator. The LSC/LMO system exhibited excellent OER performance (overpotential: 1.45 V at 10 mA cm???2) and operational durability (chronoamperometric and cyclic voltammetry stabilities of 200 h at 1.52 V and 5,000 cycles). The experimental and computational analyses revealed that lithium atoms accumulated at the LSC/LMO interface exhibit a mediating function toward optimizing the oxidation state and electronic structure of OER active metal elements (cobalt and molybdenum), minimizing the free energy barrier of the rate-determining step in OER. This study provides a new insight for boosting sluggish OER kinetics in water oxidation through in-situ oxidation state modulation for heterostructured electrocatalysts

Profiling of Metabolic Differences between Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Acute/Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Although many studies have been conducted on leukemia, only a few have analyzed the metabolomic profiles of various leukemic cells. In this study, the metabolomes of THP-1, U937, KG-1 (acute myelogenous leukemia, AML), K562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia, CML), and cord blood-derived CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and specific metabolic alterations were found using multivariate statistical analysis. Compared to HSCs, leukemia cell metabolomes were found to have significant alterations, among which three were related to amino acids, three to sugars, and five to fatty acids. Compared to CML, four metabolomes were observed specifically in AML. Given that overall more metabolites are present in leukemia cells than in HSCs, we observed that the activation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism facilitated the incidence of leukemia and the proliferation of leukemic cells. Analysis of metabolome profiles specifically present in HSCs and leukemia cells greatly increases our basic understanding of cellular metabolic characteristics, which is valuable fundamental knowledge for developing novel anticancer drugs targeting leukemia metabolism

Deep learning for end-to-end kidney cancer diagnosis on multi-phase abdominal computed tomography

Abstract In 2020, it is estimated that 73,750 kidney cancer cases were diagnosed, and 14,830 people died from cancer in the United States. Preoperative multi-phase abdominal computed tomography (CT) is often used for detecting lesions and classifying histologic subtypes of renal tumor to avoid unnecessary biopsy or surgery. However, there exists inter-observer variability due to subtle differences in the imaging features of tumor subtypes, which makes decisions on treatment challenging. While deep learning has been recently applied to the automated diagnosis of renal tumor, classification of a wide range of subtype classes has not been sufficiently studied yet. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model for the differential diagnosis of five major histologic subtypes of renal tumors including both benign and malignant tumors on multi-phase CT. Our model is a unified framework to simultaneously identify lesions and classify subtypes for the diagnosis without manual intervention. We trained and tested the model using CT data from 308 patients who underwent nephrectomy for renal tumors. The model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.889, and outperformed radiologists for most subtypes. We further validated the model on an independent dataset of 184 patients from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). The AUC for this dataset was 0.855, and the model performed comparably to the radiologists. These results indicate that our model can achieve similar or better diagnostic performance than radiologists in differentiating a wide range of renal tumors on multi-phase CT

Predicting factor analysis of postoperative complications after robot-assisted radical cystectomy: Multicenter KORARC database study

© 2022 The Japanese Urological Association.Objectives: To evaluate postoperative complications following robot-assisted radical cystectomy in patients diagnosed with bladder cancer and reveal if there are predictors for postoperative complications. Methods: Prospectively collected medical records of 730 robot-assisted radical cystectomy patients between 2007/04 and 2019/05 in 13 tertiary referral centers were reviewed. Perioperative outcomes were compared between two groups by postoperative complications (complication vs non-complication). We assessed recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival between groups. Regression analyses were implemented to identify factors associated with postoperative complications. Results: Any total and high-grade complication (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3) rates were 57.8% and 21.1%, respectively. Patients in complication group had significantly higher proportion of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.048), chronic kidney disease (P = 0.011), dyslipidemia (P < 0.001), longer operation time (P = 0.001), more estimated blood loss (P = 0.001), and larger intraoperative fluid volume (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in cancer-specific survival (log-rank P = 0.038, median cancer-specific survival: both groups not reached). Dyslipidemia (odds ratio 2.59, P = 0.002) and intraoperative fluid volume (odds ratio 1.0002, P = 0.040) were significantly associated with high-grade postoperative complications. Diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 1.97, P = 0.028), chronic kidney disease (odds ratio 1.89, P = 0.046), dyslipidemia (odds ratio 5.94, P = 0.007), and intraoperative fluid volume (odds ratio 1.0002, P = 0.009) were significantly associated with any postoperative complications. Conclusions: Patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia, or a relatively large intraoperatively infused fluid volume are more likely to develop postoperative complications. Patients with postoperative complications might have a possibility of lower cancer-specific survival rate.N