Studies on the regulation and function of lipoxygenases in Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a unique entity among the lymphomas, with a minority of malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells surrounded by a broad range of infiltrating cells. The infiltration of certain inflammatory cells has been reported to predict prognosis of the disease. In HL tumor microenvironment, the primary H-RS cells and those inflammatory cells interact interdependently. The aberrant cytokine production of H-RS cells has been suggested to contribute to this interdependency. However, little is known in terms of the mechanisms involved in the abnormal cytokine secretion by H-RS cells. Previous studies suggested that several pro-inflammatory molecules likely contribute to the aberrant cytokine secretion of HL, including cysteinyl-leukotrienes receptor type I (CysLT1R) and 15-lipoxygenase-1(15-LOX-1) that are highly expressed in primary H-RS cells and cultured HL-derived L1236 cells. Previous and present studies in cultured HL cells demonstrate that CysLT1R mediates transcription and secretion of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α, upon stimulation by leukotriene D4 (LTD4). This lipid mediator is formed from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway and several types of inflammatory cells surrounding H-RS cells can produce cysteinylleukotrienes. To depict the intracellular signaling pathways that bridge the LTD4- CysLT1R ligation to cytokine induction, a mechanistic study was carried out in L1236 cells. The results demonstrated that the transcription factor early growth response (EGR)-1 is involved in the LTD4-triggered cytokine transcriptional induction. The regulatory mechanisms implicated in 15-LOX-1 trans-activation in HL have been obscure. This study has also assessed the epigenetic modulation of 15-LOX-1 in different aspects. The results revealed that signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-6 positively regulates 15-LOX-1 transcription by binding to its promoter, in which three putative STAT-6 binding motifs are identified to be required for full activation. The accessibility of STAT-6 to the 15-LOX-1 promoter is controlled by DNA methylation and histone modification. The histone H3 lysine (K)-4 specific methyltransferase SMYD3 was found to exhibit an important role in this multi-step regulation. Although the H3K27me3 demethylase UTX mediates 15-LOX-1 transactivation by H3K27 demethylation upon IL-4 stimulation in lung carcinoma A549 cells, a crucial histone H3K27-demethylase-independent role of UTX in 15-LOX-1 transcriptional regulation in L1236 cells was demonstrated. In conclusion, this study has evaluated the biology of HL by using in vitro models, focusing on lipoxygenases regulation and function. The results not only demonstrated a signaling pathway that hypothetically bridges 5-LOX activity to the striking inflammatory microenvironment in HL, but also uncovered epigenetic regulation mechanisms involved in 15-LOX-1 expression in HL-derived cells. Our findings suggest that lipid signaling pathways might play critical roles in HL pathogenesis, thus warranting further HL research

Two Generalizations of Stampacchia Lemma and Applications

We present two generalizations of the classical Stampacchia Lemma which contain a non-decreasing non-negative function $g$, and give applications. As a first application, we deal with variational integrals of the form $${\cal J} (u;\Omega) = \int_{\Omega}\ f(x,Du{(x)})dx.$$ We consider a minimizer $u: \Omega \subset \mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R$ among all functions with a fixed boundary value $u_{\ast }$ on $\partial \Omega$. Under some nonstandard growth conditions of the integrand $f(x,\xi)$ we derive some regularity results; as a second application, we consider elliptic equations of the form \begin{cases} -\mbox {div} \left( a(x, u(x)) D u(x) \right) = f(x), & x \in \Omega, u(x) = 0, & x \in {\partial \Omega}, \end{cases} under the conditions $$\frac {\alpha }{(1+|s|) ^\theta \ln ^\theta (e+|s|)} \le a (x,s) \le \beta, \ \ \ 0<\alpha \le \beta <\infty, \ \theta \ge 0,$$ we obtain some regularity properties of its weak solutions.Comment: 26 page

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

AbstractA theory of composite material patch winding is proposed to determine the winding trajectory with a meshed data model. Two different conditions are considered in this study. One is Bridge condition on the concave surface and the other is Slip line condition in the process of patch winding. This paper presents the judgment principles and corresponding solutions by applying differential geometry theory and space geometry theory. To verify the feasibility of the patch winding method, the winding control code is programmed. Furthermore, the winding experiments on an airplane inlet and a vane are performed. From the experiments, it shows that the patch winding theory has the advantages of flexibility, easy design and application

Implementation of Real-Time Machining Process Control Based on Fuzzy Logic in a New STEP-NC Compatible System

Implementing real-time machining process control at shop floor has great significance on raising the efficiency and quality of product manufacturing. A framework and implementation methods of real-time machining process control based on STEP-NC are presented in this paper. Data model compatible with ISO 14649 standard is built to transfer high-level real-time machining process control information between CAPP systems and CNC systems, in which EXPRESS language is used to define new STEP-NC entities. Methods for implementing real-time machining process control at shop floor are studied and realized on an open STEP-NC controller, which is developed using object-oriented, multithread, and shared memory technologies conjunctively. Cutting force at specific direction of machining feature in side mill is chosen to be controlled object, and a fuzzy control algorithm with self-adjusting factor is designed and embedded in the software CNC kernel of STEP-NC controller. Experiments are carried out to verify the proposed framework, STEP-NC data model, and implementation methods for real-time machining process control. The results of experiments prove that real-time machining process control tasks can be interpreted and executed correctly by the STEP-NC controller at shop floor, in which actual cutting force is kept around ideal value, whether axial cutting depth changes suddenly or continuously

Multi-channel convolutional neural network for targeted sentiment classification

In recent years, targeted sentiment analysis has received great attention as a fine-grained sentiment analysis. Determining the sentiment polarity of a specific target in a sentence is the main task. This paper proposes a multi-channel convolutional neural network (MCL-CNN) for targeted sentiment classification. Our approach can not only parallelize over the words of a sentence, but also extract local features effectively. Contexts and targets can be more comprehensively utilized by using part-of-speech information, semantic information and interactive information, so that diverse features can be obtained. Finally, experimental results on the SemEval 2014 dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of this method

Direct field-to-pattern monolithic design of holographic metasurface via residual encoder-decoder convolutional neural network

Complex-amplitude holographic metasurfaces (CAHMs) with the flexibility in modulating phase and amplitude profiles have been used to manipulate the propagation of wavefront with an unprecedented level, leading to higher image-reconstruction quality compared with their natural counterparts. However, prevailing design methods of CAHMs are based on Huygens-Fresnel theory, meta-atom optimization, numerical simulation and experimental verification, which results in a consumption of computing resources. Here, we applied residual encoder-decoder convolutional neural network to directly map the electric field distributions and input images for monolithic metasurface design. A pretrained network is firstly trained by the electric field distributions calculated by diffraction theory, which is subsequently migrated as transfer learning framework to map the simulated electric field distributions and input images. The training results show that the normalized mean pixel error is about 3% on dataset. As verification, the metasurface prototypes are fabricated, simulated and measured. The reconstructed electric field of reverse-engineered metasurface exhibits high similarity to the target electric field, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our design. Encouragingly, this work provides a monolithic field-to-pattern design method for CAHMs, which paves a new route for the direct reconstruction of metasurfaces

Multiscale Collaborative Optimization of Processing Parameters for Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Laminates Fabricated by High-Speed Automated Fiber Placement

Processing optimization is an important means to inhibit manufacturing defects efficiently. However, processing optimization used by experiments or macroscopic theories in high-speed automated fiber placement (AFP) suffers from some restrictions, because multiscale effect of laying tows and their manufacturing defects could not be considered. In this paper, processing parameters, including compaction force, laying speed, and preheating temperature, are optimized by multiscale collaborative optimization in AFP process. Firstly, rational model between cracks and strain energy is revealed in order that the formative possibility of cracks could be assessed by using strain energy or its density. Following that, an antisequential hierarchical multiscale collaborative optimization method is presented to resolve multiscale effect of structure and mechanical properties for laying tows or cracks in high-speed automated fiber placement process. According to the above method and taking carbon fiber/epoxy tow as an example, multiscale mechanical properties of laying tow under different processing parameters are investigated through simulation, which includes recoverable strain energy (ALLSE) of macroscale, strain energy density (SED) of mesoscale, and interface absorbability and matrix fluidity of microscale. Finally, response surface method (RSM) is used to optimize the processing parameters. Two groups of processing parameters, which have higher desirability, are obtained to achieve the purpose of multiscale collaborative optimization

Mechanical Simulation of Thermoplastic Composite Fiber Variable-Angle Laminates

By changing the placement angle of the placement path, the fiber direction can be controlled and adjusted to change the load distribution in the laminate, and the stress and natural frequency performances of the laminate can then be altered to finally obtain laminates with desired mechanical properties. In this paper, the finite element analysis model of variable-stiffness laminates is established based on the fiber placement reference path defined by the Bezier curve method. Based on the analysis of the mechanical properties of the thermoplastic fiber variable-angle laminates obtained by variable-angle trajectory planning, the changes in the stress and deformation of the thermoplastic fiber variable-angle laminate with the connection point parameter &beta; under a compressive load are analyzed. The influence of the parameter &beta; on the static performances of the variable-angle laminates is studied. The simulation results indicate that the maximum stress of the laminate increases first and then decreases as the parameter &beta; increases and reaches the maximum value when the parameter &beta; is 0.5. The minimum stress also shows the same trend as that of the maximum stress and reaches the minimum value when the connection point parameter &beta; is 0.3. The deformation of the variable-angle laminates varies with the change of the connection point parameter &beta;. The maximum deformation increases at first and then decreases for the laminate with the parameter &beta; increasing and reaches the maximum value when the parameter &beta; is 0.8. The minimum deformation of the laminate decreases initially and then increases as the connection point parameter &beta; increases and reaches the minimum value when the parameter &beta; is 0.6. The deformation gradually decreases from the upper and lower ends to the middle, and the deformation area has a symmetrical form. The initial regular rectangular area gradually changes to an elliptical distribution and the area of maximum deformation gradually decreases

FeSiCr-Based Soft Magnetic Composites with SiO₂ Insulation Coating Prepared Using the Elemental Silicon Powder Hydrolysis Method

In this work, FeSiCr powders were coated with a SiO2 insulation layer for soft magnetic composites (SMCs) through elemental silicon powder hydrolysis, without using any expensive precursors. The effects of the reaction temperature and ammonia concentration on the structure and performance of SMCs were investigated. Through the elemental silicon powder hydrolysis process, the formation of an FeSiCr–SiO2 core-shell structure effectively reduced the core loss, increased resistivity, and improved the quality factor of SMCs. SMCs prepared with 0.10 mL/g ammonia concentration at 50 °C exhibited the best combination of properties, with saturation magnetization Ms = 169.40 emu/g, effective permeability μe = 40.46, resistivity ρ = 7.1 × 106 Ω·cm, quality factor Q = 57.07 at 1 MHz, and core loss Ps = 493.3 kW/m3 at 50 mT/100 kHz. Compared to the uncoated sample, SMCs with a SiO2 coating exhibit 23% reduction in Ps, with only 6.6% reduction in μe. Compared to SMCs fabricated using the traditional sol-gel method, the sample prepared through hydrolysis of elemental silicon powder has higher permeability and lower core loss. In particular, this new approach gives an effective coat solution for the mass production of high-temperature-resistant SMCs