Observation of the First-Order Interference Fringes Beyond Coherence Length Employing Commercial Continuous-wave Multi-mode Laser Diode: A Sight of Two-photon Interference

We report an experiment of observation of classical double-slit interference fringes of two-photon interference. In the experiment, a commercial continuous-wave multi-mode F-P laser diode without either mode-locked or frequency-locked is used as the light source, the density of photons is far more than the single-photon level, and the path difference of the long and short paths is far more than the longitudinal coherence length of the laser diode. The temporal stable and clearly visible spatial-distributed pattern, i.e. first-order interference fringes, was observed .Contradict to the prediction of single-photon interference mechanism, the interference happened far beyond the coherence length, the occurrence possibility and time duration of the interference fringes decrease with the reduction of mode number of the LD, and the time difference between the fringes disappearance and the light vanish is equal to the time difference of the two paths. After discussion, we came to the conclusion that the observed phenomena can be understood in time-resolved two-photon interference mechanism. We reveal a new method to perform two-photon first-order interference, and this help to understand the nature of two-photon interference and also can be useful for quantum information science

H\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e- and Na\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e- elicited rapid changes of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the biflagellated green alga \u3cem\u3eChlamydomonas\u3c/em\u3e

Although microtubules are known for dynamic instability, the dynamicity is considered to be tightly controlled to support a variety of cellular processes. Yet diverse evidence suggests that this is not applicable to Chlamydomonas, a biflagellate fresh water green alga, but intense autofluorescence from photosynthesis pigments has hindered the investigation. By expressing a bright fluorescent reporter protein at the endogenous level, we demonstrate in real time discreet sweeping changes in algal microtubules elicited by rises of intracellular H+ and Na+. These results from this model organism with characteristics of animal and plant cells provide novel explanations regarding how pH may drive cellular processes; how plants may respond to, and perhaps sense stresses; and how organisms with a similar sensitive cytoskeleton may be susceptible to environmental changes

MIMO Antenna Polynomial Weighted Average Design Method of Downward-Looking Array SAR

MIMO antenna polynomial weighted average design method of downward-looking array SAR was proposed from the angle of surveying and mapping in this paper, in order to solve the ill-posed problem that an equivalent virtual array can be implemented by a variety of physical transmitter-receiver arrays for bistatic MIMO linear array. For wave band, resolution, elevation precision, and working height concerned by the applications of surveying and mapping, the length of equivalent virtual array and actual physical array meeting the needs of large scale topographical mapping was solved. Then array numbers and position vectors of MIMO downward-looking array SAR of real aerial mapping platform were optimized. According to this design, some simulation experiments and comparisons were processed. The results proved the rationality and effectiveness of this array configuration by comparing the differences of 3D imaging results and the original simulation scene, counting mean and standard deviation of elevation reconstruction error eliminating the influence of shadow areas, and counting the probability of elevation reconstruction error within half a resolution of the whole scene and individual building area

3,5-Di-O-benzoyl-1,2-O-isopropyl­idene-α-d-ribo-hexos-3-ulo-1,4:3,6-difuran­ose

The title compound, C23H22O8, is a binary benzoyl ester whose nucleus consists of a fused system made up of a methyl­enedi­oxy ring and two tetra­hydro­furan rings. One of the benzoyl ester groups is attached at the junction of the two tetra­hydro­furan rings. The other is attached to the outer tetra­furan ring. Both the benzoyl ester groups are in an axial conformation with respect to the outer tetrhydro­furan ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by two weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a chain running parallel to the a axis

Comparative Evaluation of Cooling Systems for Farrowing Sows

The field studies reported here compare the performance of three cooling systems for relieving farrowing/lactating sows of heat stress under the warm and humid production climate in southern China. The comparative systems included (1) tunnel ventilation (TV) with vertical head-zone ventilation (HZV) vs. TV with HZV and drip cooling (DC), (2) TV only vs. TV with DC, and (3) horizontal air mixing (HAM) only vs. HAM and DC. For the HZV, a perforated overhead air duct was used to create an air velocity of 0.6 to 0.8 m/s (118 to 157 ft/min) in the head zone of the sow. The paired tests were conducted successively in an experimental commercial farrowing barn housing 42 sows. Body temperature (Tb) and respiration rate (RR) of the sows were used to evaluate the efficacy of the systems. The results indicate that sows under TV + DC or TV + HZV + DC had significantly lower Tb than those under TV only or TV + HZV (P \u3c 0.01 and P \u3c 0.001, respectively). DC under HAM was less effective for Tb reduction (P \u3e 0.05). DC reduced RR in all cases, 42% under TV (P \u3c 0.01), 41% under TV + HZV (P \u3c 0.01), and 22% under HAM (P \u3e 0.05). It was concluded that TV with DC provides the most cost-effective cooling scheme

Comparison of Air Emissions from Raw Liquid Pig Manure and Biogas Digester Effluent Storages

Biogas digesters are commonly used in livestock farming in China. The digestion process converts large amounts of raw liquid manure (RLM) to biogas digester effluent (BDE). The BDE is then stored on the farm for some time before land application as crop or orchard nutrients. Storage of RLM or BDE is associated with gas emissions, although little information is available concerning comparison of air emissions between the two handling practices. This study was conducted to compare methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia (NH3) emissions from RLM and BDE storages using dynamic emission vessels (DEVs). Both media were stored in closed vessels (50 L) at a 40 cm storage depth, a constant storage temperature of 30°C, and a headspace air exchange rate of 15 to 17 air changes per hour (ACH) for 22 days. The results showed that the average daily gas emission rates for RLM and BDE, in mg L-1 d-1, were, respectively, 102.9 and 125.3 CO2 (p \u3c 0.05), 0.72 and 3.33 N2O (p \u3c 0.05), 29.2 and 0.32 CH4 (p \u3c 0.05), and 1.21 and 0.66 NH3 (p = 0.08). The total greenhouse gas (GHG = CH4 + CO2 + N2O) emissions were similar for RLM and BDE, 1.05 and 1.12 g CO2-eq L-1 d-1, respectively (p = 0.26). Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions accounted for 88.2% of the CO2-eq GHG emissions for BDE, whereas CH4 emissions accounted for 69.7% of the CO2-eq GHG emissions for RLM. The high N2O emissions from BDE likely resulted from the lower COD/N ratio in BDE than RLM under the storage conditions. Differences in gaseous emission characteristics between RLM and BDE were attributed to the differences in methanogen species and the population of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)

Fine-grained Domain Adaptive Crowd Counting via Point-derived Segmentation

Due to domain shift, a large performance drop is usually observed when a trained crowd counting model is deployed in the wild. While existing domain-adaptive crowd counting methods achieve promising results, they typically regard each crowd image as a whole and reduce domain discrepancies in a holistic manner, thus limiting further improvement of domain adaptation performance. To this end, we propose to untangle \emph{domain-invariant} crowd and \emph{domain-specific} background from crowd images and design a fine-grained domain adaption method for crowd counting. Specifically, to disentangle crowd from background, we propose to learn crowd segmentation from point-level crowd counting annotations in a weakly-supervised manner. Based on the derived segmentation, we design a crowd-aware domain adaptation mechanism consisting of two crowd-aware adaptation modules, i.e., Crowd Region Transfer (CRT) and Crowd Density Alignment (CDA). The CRT module is designed to guide crowd features transfer across domains beyond background distractions. The CDA module dedicates to regularising target-domain crowd density generation by its own crowd density distribution. Our method outperforms previous approaches consistently in the widely-used adaptation scenarios.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, and 9 table

A multi-subgroup predictive model based on clinical parameters and laboratory biomarkers to predict in-hospital outcomes of plasma exchange-centered artificial liver treatment in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

BackgroundPostoperative risk stratification is challenging in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) who undergo artificial liver treatment. This study characterizes patients’ clinical parameters and laboratory biomarkers with different in-hospital outcomes. The purpose was to establish a multi-subgroup combined predictive model and analyze its predictive capability.MethodsWe enrolled HBV-ACLF patients who received plasma exchange (PE)-centered artificial liver support system (ALSS) therapy from May 6, 2017, to April 6, 2022. There were 110 patients who died (the death group) and 110 propensity score-matched patients who achieved satisfactory outcomes (the survivor group). We compared baseline, before ALSS, after ALSS, and change ratios of laboratory biomarkers. Outcome prediction models were established by generalized estimating equations (GEE). The discrimination was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analyses. Calibration plots compared the mean predicted probability and the mean observed outcome.ResultsWe built a multi-subgroup predictive model (at admission; before ALSS; after ALSS; change ratio) to predict in-hospital outcomes of HBV-ACLF patients who received PE-centered ALSS. There were 110 patients with 363 ALSS sessions who survived and 110 who did not, and 363 ALSS sessions were analyzed. The univariate GEE models revealed that several parameters were independent risk factors. Clinical parameters and laboratory biomarkers were entered into the multivariate GEE model. The discriminative power of the multivariate GEE models was excellent, and calibration showed better agreement between the predicted and observed probabilities than the univariate models.ConclusionsThe multi-subgroup combined predictive model generated accurate prognostic information for patients undergoing HBV-ACLF patients who received PE-centered ALSS