23,693 research outputs found
The relation between HI Gas and Star Formation Properties in Nearby Galaxies
In this paper, we present some correlations of neutral hydrogen HI gas and
physical properties of galaxies to investigate the role of atomic gas in
governing galaxy evolution. We build a HI-detected sample including 70 galaxies
that are detected by ALFALFA in a 15 deg region, and derive their star
formation distribution based on the images of narrow-band
observed here. In general, HI-detected galaxies have low surface density of
stellar mass and active star formation. Additionally, most of the galaxies are
in good agreement with the star-forming main sequence, consistent with the
previous findings. We confirm the dependence of star formation (SF) in galaxies
on HI gas at least on global scale, i.e., star formation rate (SFR) generally
increases with HI mass, specific star formation rate (SSFRSFR/M)
increases with HI fraction () even for a given stellar mass, and
\hi-based star formation efficiency (SFE) mildly increases with the stellar
mass and SFR surface density. Based on the distribution of stellar mass and
star formation, we calculate the morphology indices of the sample, and analyze
the dependence of and SFE on them. The weak correlations between SFE
and morphological indexes imply a weak physical link between HI and star
formation in small scale. We find that mildly increases with the
asymmetry and decreases with the concentration of galaxies, suggesting that the
HI gas supply and its effect are likely correlated with external processes in
the extended disks of galaxies.Comment: 27 pages, accepted for publication in PASP. Comments welcom
A Unified Study of Continuous and Discontinuous Galerkin Methods
A unified study is presented in this paper for the design and analysis of
different finite element methods (FEMs), including conforming and nonconforming
FEMs, mixed FEMs, hybrid FEMs,discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods, hybrid
discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) methods and weak Galerkin (WG) methods. Both HDG
and WG are shown to admit inf-sup conditions that hold uniformly with respect
to both mesh and penalization parameters. In addition, by taking the limit of
the stabilization parameters, a WG method is shown to converge to a mixed
method whereas an HDG method is shown to converge to a primal method.
Furthermore, a special class of DG methods, known as the mixed DG methods, is
presented to fill a gap revealed in the unified framework.Comment: 39 page
Ab initio calculation of the local magnetic moment in titanium doped zinc oxide with a corrected-band-gap scheme
The local magnetic moment of Ti:ZnO is calculated from first principles by
using the corrected-band-gap scheme (CBGS). The results shows that the system
is magnetic with the magnetization of 0.699 per dopant. The origin of
the local magnetic moment is considered to be the impurity band partially
occupied by the donor electrons in the conduction band. Further, the impacts of
applying Hubbard U to Ti-d orbital on the magnetic moment have been
investigated
Urban Traffic Dynamics: A Scale-Free Network Perspective
This letter propose a new model for characterizing traffic dynamics in
scale-free networks. With a replotted road map of cities with roads mapped to
vertices and intersections to edges, and introducing the road capacity L and
its handling ability at intersections C, the model can be applied to urban
traffic system. Simulations give the overall capacity of the traffic system
which is quantified by a phase transition from free flow to congestion.
Moreover, we report the fundamental diagram of flow against density, in which
hysteresis is found, indicating that the system is bistable in a certain range
of vehicle density. In addition, the fundamental diagram is significantly
different from single-lane traffic model and 2-D BML model with four states:
free flow, saturated flow, bistable and jammed.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Tuning parameter selection for penalized likelihood estimation of inverse covariance matrix
In a Gaussian graphical model, the conditional independence between two
variables are characterized by the corresponding zero entries in the inverse
covariance matrix. Maximum likelihood method using the smoothly clipped
absolute deviation (SCAD) penalty (Fan and Li, 2001) and the adaptive LASSO
penalty (Zou, 2006) have been proposed in literature. In this article, we
establish the result that using Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to select
the tuning parameter in penalized likelihood estimation with both types of
penalties can lead to consistent graphical model selection. We compare the
empirical performance of BIC with cross validation method and demonstrate the
advantageous performance of BIC criterion for tuning parameter selection
through simulation studies
Compressed Sensing SAR Imaging with Multilook Processing
Multilook processing is a widely used speckle reduction approach in synthetic
aperture radar (SAR) imaging. Conventionally, it is achieved by incoherently
summing of some independent low-resolution images formulated from overlapping
subbands of the SAR signal. However, in the context of compressive sensing (CS)
SAR imaging, where the samples are collected at sub-Nyquist rate, the data
spectrum is highly aliased that hinders the direct application of the existing
multilook techniques. In this letter, we propose a new CS-SAR imaging method
that can realize multilook processing simultaneously during image
reconstruction. The main idea is to replace the SAR observation matrix by the
inverse of multilook procedures, which is then combined with random sampling
matrix to yield a multilook CS-SAR observation model. Then a joint sparse
regularization model, considering pixel dependency of subimages, is derived to
form multilook images. The suggested SAR imaging method can not only
reconstruct sparse scene efficiently below Nyquist rate, but is also able to
achieve a comparable reduction of speckles during reconstruction. Simulation
results are finally provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed
method.Comment: Will be submitted to GRS lette
Ab initio study of magnetic anisotropy in cobalt doped zinc oxide with electron-filling
Based on first-principles calculation, it has been predicted that the
magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) in Co-doped ZnO (Co:ZnO) depends on
electron-filling. Results show that the charge neutral Co:ZnO presents a "easy
plane" magnetic state. While modifying the total number of electrons, the easy
axis rotates from in-plane to out-of-plane. The alternation of the MAE is
considered to be the change of the ground state of Co ion, resulting from the
relocating of electrons on Co d-orbitals with electron-filling.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure
Centrality-based Middlepoint Selection for Traffic Engineering with Segment Routing
Segment routing is an emerging technology to simplify traffic engineering
implementation in WANs. It expresses an end-to-end logical path as a sequence
of segments through a set of middlepoints. Traffic along each segment is routed
along shortest paths. In this paper, we study practical traffic engineering
(TE) with segment routing in SDN based WANs. We consider two common types of
TE, and show that the TE problem can be solved in weakly polynomial time when
the number of middlepoints is fixed and not part of the input. However, the
corresponding linear program is of large scale and computationally expensive.
For this reason, existing methods that work by taking each node as a candidate
middlepoint are inefficient. Motivated by this, we propose to select just a few
important nodes as middlepoints for all traffic. We use node centrality
concepts from graph theory, notably group shortest path centrality, for
middlepoint selection. Our performance evaluation using realistic topologies
and traffic traces shows that a small percentage of the most central nodes can
achieve good results with orders of magnitude lower runtime.Comment: This is the experimental part of our work. The theory part of the
work is accepted to IEEE/ACM To
Fast Compressed Sensing SAR Imaging based on Approximated Observation
In recent years, compressed sensing (CS) has been applied in the field of
synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging and shows great potential. The existing
models are, however, based on application of the sensing matrix acquired by the
exact observation functions. As a result, the corresponding reconstruction
algorithms are much more time consuming than traditional matched filter (MF)
based focusing methods, especially in high resolution and wide swath systems.
In this paper, we formulate a new CS-SAR imaging model based on the use of the
approximated SAR observation deducted from the inverse of focusing procedures.
We incorporate CS and MF within an sparse regularization framework that is then
solved by a fast iterative thresholding algorithm. The proposed model forms a
new CS-SAR imaging method that can be applied to high-quality and
high-resolution imaging under sub-Nyquist rate sampling, while saving the
computational cost substantially both in time and memory. Simulations and real
SAR data applications support that the proposed method can perform SAR imaging
effectively and efficiently under Nyquist rate, especially for large scale
applications.Comment: Submitted To IEEE-JSTA
Manipulating the magnetic anisotropy of cobalt doped titanium dioxide by carrier accumulation
Based on first-principles calculations, we predict that the magnetic
anisotropy energy (MAE) of Co-doped TiO sensitively depends on carrier
accumulation. This magnetoelectric phenomenon provides a promising route to
directly manipulate the magnetization direction of diluted magnetic
semiconductor by external electric-fields. We calculate the band structures and
reveal the origin of carrier-dependent MAE in k-space. In fact, the carrier
accumulation shifts the Fermi energy and regulates the competing contributions
to MAE. The first-principles calculations provide a straightforward way to
design spintronics materials with electrically controllable spin direction.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
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