BIOMECHANICS OF ACCURATE INSTEP KICK IN FUTSAL

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical parameters of instep kicking towards specific targets of the goal in Futsal. Twelve females from national soccer team in Taiwan were recruited in this study. Each subject was asked to perform instep kick of a stationary ball (size 4) toward targets in the four corners of the goal in Futsal. VICON motion analysis system and Kistler force plateform were used to collect the kinematics of the lower limb and the ground reaction forces and moments, respectively. The results showed that kicks towards the bottom targets demonstrated significantly greater ball velocity than towards the top targets (p= 0.00). In addition, the hip joint moment of supporting leg was significantly greater when kicking towards top targets of the goal (p= 0.01). The results of this study could provide training guidelines for coaches and players

1,2-Bis(4-methyl­phen­oxy)ethane

In the title compound, C16H18O2, the two aromatic rings are almost orthogonal, making a dihedral angle of 89.41 (2)°. There is a C—H⋯π contact between the methyl­ene group and the 4-methyl­phenyl ring. The molecule exhibits twofold symmetry.

Path Loss Model with Antenna Height Dependency under Indoor Stair Environment

A novel, receiving antenna-height-dependent path loss model under indoor stair environment is presented. The effect of a cross-beam in the stairs is also considered. The proposed model can be applied to describe both of the line-of-sight (LOS) and the non-LOS (NLOS) cases. By using least square criterion, the parameters of proposed model are extracted. Finally, using the maximum likelihood estimation, the precision of the proposed model is evaluated by the standard deviation of shadowing

Effect of catch-up growth after food restriction on the entero-insular axis in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Catch-up growth after food restriction (CUGFR) is characterized by a significant change in food intake which could theoretically lead to the change in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion that consequently results in altered functions of pancreatic islets.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Experimental rats were divided into two groups. Rats in CUGFR group were put on food-restriction for 4 weeks, and then allowed full access to food for 0, 2, 4 weeks respectively while rats in the control group were offered <it>ad libitum </it>access to food. Plasma glucose, insulin and GLP-1 level during OGTT were measured in all the rats. Moreover, morphology of intestinal mucosa, number of L cells, beta cell mass, incretin effect and the expression of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) gene in the islets were also determined.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The size of pancreatic islets, insulin concentration, plasma GLP-1 concentration, incretin effect, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and L cells were all significantly decreased in CUGFR group at the end of a 4-week food-restriction period as compared with the controls. Insulin concentration and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio were increased and finally exceeded the level of the control group over a 4-week catch-up period. Nevertheless, at the conclusion of the study, islet size, L cells number, plasma GLP-1 concentration and incretin effect increased but failed to reach the levels of the controls.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>CUGFR decreases incretin effect and disturbs the entero-insular axis partially by decreasing GLP-1 concentration, which might be responsible for the increased risk of metabolic disorder during CUGFR.</p

5-Fluoro-1H-indole-3-carb­oxy­lic acid

In the title compound, C9H6FNO2, the carboxyl group is twisted slightly away from the indole-ring plane [dihedral angle = 7.39 (10)°]. In the crystal, carboxyl inversion dimers linked by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 2(8) loops and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the dimers into (10) sheets