310 research outputs found
3-(5-Chloronaphthalene-1-sulfonamido)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-5-ium chloride
In the cation of the title compound, C18H20ClN4O3S+·Cl−, the tetrahydropyridinium ring assumes a half-chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the pyrazole ring and the naphthalene ring system is 75.19 (6)°. In the crystal, ions are linked into a three-dimensional network by N—H⋯O, N—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and weak π–π stacking interactions with centroid–centroid distances of 3.608 (2) Å
N′-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-methoxybenzohydrazide monohydrate
In the title compound, C16H16N2O4·H2O, the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 19.6 (2)°. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by intermolecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds
N′-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzohydrazide dihydrate
In the title compound, C16H15BrN2O5·2H2O, the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 2.9 (2)° and an intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond is observed. One of the water molecule is disordered over two positions, with occupancies of 0.83 (3) and 0.17 (3). In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by intermolecular O—H⋯O, O—H⋯(O,O), O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. π–π interactions involving Br-substituted benzene rings, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.552 (3) Å are also observed
Poly[bis(μ-2,6-dimethylpyridinium-3,5-dicarboxylato-κ 2 O 3:O 5)copper(II)]
In the title coordination polymer, [Cu(C9H8NO4)2]n, the Cu atom, located on a twofold rotation axis, is four coordinate in a distorted square-planar environment. Each 2,6-dimethylpyridinium-3,5-dicarboxylate anion bridges two Cu atoms, forming a two-dimensional coordination polymer. A three-dimensional supramolecular network is built from N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the pyridinium NH and the carboxyl COO groups
5-tert-Butyl 1-ethyl 3-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-1,5-dicarboxylate
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H20N4O4, contains two crystallographically independent molecules in which the dihedral angles between the fused pyrrole and pyrazole rings are 5.06 (8) and 1.12 (8)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by intermolecular N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into chains parallel to the b axis
The functional expression of extracellular calcium-sensing receptor in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
An alternative simulation approach for surface flashover in vacuum using a 1D2V continuum and kinetic model
Surface flashover across insulator in vacuum is a destructive plasma
discharge which undermines the behaviors of a range of applications in
electrical engineering, particle physics, space engineering, etc. This
phenomenon is widely modeled by the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, here the
continuum and kinetic simulation method is first proposed and implemented as an
alternative solution for flashover modeling, aiming for the prevention of the
unfavorable particle noises in PIC models. The 1D2V (one dimension in space,
two dimensions in velocity) kinetic simulation model is constructed. Modeling
setup, physical assumptions, and simulation algorithm are presented in detail,
and a comparison with the well-known secondary electron emission avalanche
(SEEA) analytical expression and existing PIC simulation is made. Obtained
kinetic simulation results are consistent with the analytical prediction, and
feature noise-free data of surface charge density as well as particle fluxes of
primary and secondary electrons. Discrepancies between the two simulation
models and analytical predictions are explained. The code is convenient for
updating to include additional physical processes, and possible implementations
of outgassing and extra plasma species for final breakdown stage are discussed.
The proposed continuum and kinetic approach is expected to inspire future
flashover modeling studies for the understanding and mitigation
Full velocities and propagation directions of coronal mass ejections inferred from simultaneous full-disk imaging and Sun-as-a-star spectroscopic observations
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are violent ejections of magnetized plasma from
the Sun, which can trigger geomagnetic storms, endanger satellite operations
and destroy electrical infrastructures on the Earth. After systematically
searching Sun-as-a-star spectra observed by the Extreme-ultraviolet Variability
Experiment (EVE) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) from May 2010 to
May 2022, we identified eight CMEs associated with flares and filament
eruptions by analyzing the blue-wing asymmetry of the O III 52.58 nm line
profiles. Combined with images simultaneously taken by the 30.4 nm channel of
the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard SDO, the full velocity and propagation
direction for each of the eight CMEs are derived. We find a strong correlation
between geomagnetic indices (Kp and Dst) and the angle between the CME
propagation direction and the Sun-Earth line, suggesting that Sun-as-a-star
spectroscopic observations at EUV wavelengths can potentially help to improve
the prediction accuracy of the geoeffectiveness of CMEs. Moreover, an analysis
of synthesized long-exposure Sun-as-a-star spectra implies that it is possible
to detect CMEs from other stars through blue-wing asymmetries or blueshifts of
spectral lines.Comment: Accepted by Ap
Role of dopamine D2 receptors in ischemia/reperfusion induced apoptosis of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is the major cause of morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular diseases. Dopamine D<sub>2 </sub>receptors are expressed in cardiac tissues. However, the roles of dopamine D<sub>2 </sub>receptors in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis are unclear. Here we investigated the effects of both dopamine D<sub>2 </sub>receptors agonist (bromocriptine) and antagonist (haloperidol) on apoptosis of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was simulated by incubating primarily cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in ischemic (hypoxic) buffer solution for 2 h. Thereafter, these cells were incubated for 24 h in normal culture medium.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Treatment of the cardiomyocytes with 10 μM bromocriptine significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity, increased superoxide dismutase activity, and decreased malondialdehyde content in the culture medium. Bromocriptine significantly inhibited the release of cytochrome <it>c</it>, accumulation of [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>, and apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. Bromocriptine also down-regulated the expression of caspase-3 and -9, Fas and Fas ligand, and up-regulated Bcl-2 expression. In contrast, haloperidol (10 μM) had no significant effects on the apoptosis of cultured cardiomyocytes under the aforementioned conditions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These data suggest that activation of dopamine D<sub>2 </sub>receptors can inhibit apoptosis of cardiomyocytes encountered during ischemia/reperfusion damage through various pathways.</p
- …